Hubs ,Bridges and

Switches
Vadan C.T

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 Hub ?

 Layer 1 Device.
 Replicates Data over all the ports.
 Massive loss of Bandwidth.
 Lots of unwanted communication.

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Bridges….

 What a Bridge does ?

 Process model of Table Operation.
 Unicast Operation.
 Multicast Operation And Unknown address.
 Generating the address table
 Address Table aging.
 Custom Filtering and Forwarding

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Multiple Bridge Topology

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Invariants of a Devices in LAN

 Hard Invariants.
• Non Duplication.
• Sequencing.

 Soft Invariant.
• Low Error rate.
• High Bandwidth / Low Delay.

 What is Wire speed ?

It is the abiltiy to make filter/forward decision under the conditions of
maximum rate frame arrivals at all the ports.
Ability to move data arbitarily among the ports under high data rate.

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Switch

 A switch is a Bridge is a Switch .

 What is a LAN switch ?
 Collision Domain.
 Microsegmentation.
 Extended Distance Limitation.
 Increased Aggregate Capacity.
 Data rate flexibility.

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Modes of Operation .

 Modes of Operation
 Cut through
 Store and Forward Operation.
 What is store and forward operation?
 What is Cut through ?
 Difference
 Latency.
 Cut Through only when output port is available.
 Cut through is possible only when there is light load.
 Cut through generally not possible for multicast/unknown.
 Cut through switches propagate frame with error.
 Cut through switches should wait for the first 64 bytes.
 For cut through i/o ports should operate at the same rate.

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Switch configuration

 Bounded Switches.

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Switch Configuration continued…….

 Stackable switching

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Switch configuration continued……

 Chassis switches

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 Thank You

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 Appendix

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Bridge Performance

 Performance intensive operations

 Decision making alogorithm.
 Data flow.

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