MOBILE OPERATING

SYSTEM
 Introduction of mobile operating system
A mobile operating system is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other
non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical laptops are "mobile", the
operating systems used on them are generally not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for 
desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This line distinguishing mobile
and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and
more mobile unlike hardware of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of tablet computers
 and light-weight laptops and the hybridization of the two in 2-in-1 PCs.
Mobile operating systems combine features of a desktop computer operating system with other features useful for
mobile or handheld use, and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephony and data
connection. In Q1 2018, over 383 million smartphones were sold (highest ever recorded) with 86.2 percent
running Android and 12.9 percent running iOS.[1] Nonetheless, although not as many as 2018 (1.56 billion), 2021
still had soaring sales, 1.43 billion to be exact[2] with 83.32 percent being Android.[3] Android alone is more popular
than the popular desktop operating system Microsoft Windows, and in general smartphone use (even without
tablets) outnumbers desktop use.[citation needed]
Mobile devices, with mobile communications abilities (e.g., smartphones), contain two mobile operating
systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time
operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level
systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of
control over the mobile device.[4]
Mobile operating systems have majority use since 2017 (measured by web use); with even only the
smartphones running them (excluding tablets) having majority use, more used than any other kind of device.[2]
 Thus traditional desktop OS is now a minority-used kind of OS; see usage share of operating systems. However,
variations occur in popularity by regions, while desktop-minority also applies on some days in countries such as
United States and United Kingdom.
 Functions of OS
An operating system performs various tasks. Let us study them. Several functions of OS are:

1. Memory Management
It is the management of the main or primary memory. Furthermore, whatever program is executed, it has to be present in the
main memory. Therefore, there can be more than one program present at a time. Hence, it is required to manage the memory.

The operating system:

Allocates and deallocates the memory.

Keeps a record of which part of primary memory is used by whom and how much.
Distributes the memory while multiprocessing.

2. Processor Management/Scheduling
When more than one process runs on the system the OS decides how and when a process will use the CPU. Hence, the name is
also CPU Scheduling. The OS:

Allocates and deallocates processor to the processes.

Keeps record of CPU status.
3. Device Management
The processes may require devices for their use. This management is done by the OS. The OS:
Allocates and deallocates devices to different processes.
keep records of the devices.
Decides which process can use which device for how much time.

4. File Management
The files on a system are stored in different directories. The OS:
keeps records of the status and locations of files.
Allocates and deallocates resources.

5. Security
The OS keeps the system and programs safe and secure through authentication. A user id and password decide the
authenticity of the user.

6. Other Functions
Some other functions of the OS can be:

Error detection.
keeping a record of system performance.
Communication between different software etc.
Features of Mobile Operating System
1. Easy to use
The graphics should be attractive.
The buttons and features should be easy to use. mOreover, the functionalities should not be very compilicated.
Features should be powerful and useful.

2. Good app store

An app is one of the basic part of an OS.
Good and useful apps forms an important part of an OS.
The apps should be simple and interactive.
3. Good battery life
Power is one of the main requirement of a smartphone.
They require power for processors sensors etc. Therefore, the battery holds a very important role.
Smartphones power usage keeps on increasing therefore, a good battery backup is very essential

4. Data usage and organization

An operating system should focus on controlling the data and network usage. It should keep the limit
and requirement in focus.
Secondly, the organization of data related to to-do lists, calendars, alarms, reminders etc is very
important. A good OS should keep this data in a very organized and safe manner. Moreover, the data
should be readily and easily available.
 Components of a Mobile Operating System

The components of a mobile OS are same as a basic OS. The components are as follows:

1. Kernel
A kernel is the core/heart of an OS. It contains all the functions and operations to manage the working of OS.

2. Process Execution
The OS executes various process so that the statements will execute and connect the application program to the hardware.
Whenever a process executes it uses memory, space and other resources as well.

3. Interrupt
Interrupts are basically used be the hardware devices to communicate with the CPU. It is basically a signal which the device
generates to request the CPU. Moreover, whenever an interrupt occurs the CPU temporarily stops executing its current
process.
4. Memory Management
It is the management of the main or primary memory. Furthermore, whatever program is executed, it has to be present in
the main memory. Therefore, there can be more than one program present at a time. Hence, it is required to manage the
memory.

The operating system:

Allocates and deallocates the memory.

Keeps a record of which part of primary memory is used by whom and how much.
Distributes the memory while multiprocessing.
5. Multitasking
It is performing more than one tasks at a time. The OS allows the user to work wit more than one process at a time without
any problem.

6. Security
The OS keeps the system and programs safe and secure through authentication. A user id and password decide the
authenticity of the user.

7. User Interface
GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. As the name suggests, it provides a graphical interface for the user to interact with
the computer. It uses icons, menus, etc. to interact with the user. Moreover, the user can easily interact by just clicking these
items. Therefore, it is very user friendly and there is no need to remember any commands.
 What is a mobile phone operating system?

Gone are the days when mobile phones were just a device to make phone calls and send occasional texts.

Modern smartphones are closer to handheld computers that enable us to send emails, play games, watch the news
and video call friends and family. And much more besides.

Operating systems are the software that run our desktop computers and laptops and manage their resources and
memory when they're being used for multi-tasking.

Smartphones have their own operating systems, also known as mobile OS, and it's this development that has brought
advanced functions to mobiles that were previously only available on our computers.

It's also a platform that developers can use to create apps (software programs developed for smartphones that can
carry out specific functions).

There are a few main mobile device operating systems that the majority of smartphones run on, including Apple iOS,
Google Android and Microsoft's Windows Phone OS.
 How do I know which operating system my mobile phone has?

Because smartphone operating systems are so integrated with the look, feel and function of a mobile phone, many people
base their choice of device around which operating system it uses.

If you have already bought your smartphone, the name and version of its software should be detailed in the settings menu.

However, if you are buying a new phone, the operating system can be found the handset's specifications information.
 Types of mobile operating systems

1. Apple iOS
The Apple iOS multi-touch, multi-tasking operating system is that runs Apple iPhones and iPads, with a special version
powering the Apple Watch.

Like most operating systems, iOS responds to the user's touch - allowing you to tap on the screen to open a program,
pinch your fingers together to minimise or enlarge an image, or swipe your finger across the screen to change pages.

The Apple iOS is not allowed to be used in third party systems, so you will only be able to use it on products made by
Apple. It comes with the Safari web browser for internet use, Apple Music application for playing music and Apple's
Mail for managing your emails all pre-installed.

You can download millions of applications currently available on the App Store directly to any device running iOS,
either on an iPhone or an iPad. These encompass everything from recipe books to guitar tutorials to games.
 2. Android
Android OS is owned by Google and powered by the Linux kernel, which can be found on a wide range of devices.

Android is an open source operating system which allows developers to access unlocked hardware and develop new
programs.

This means it allows unlimited access to anyone who wants to develop apps, and places very little restriction on its
licensing, so users benefit from masses of free content.

Android is currently the dominant smartphone platform due to its tremendous traction with a wide spectrum of
users.

Some of the best features of Android include the ability to customise multiple homescreens with useful widgets and
apps that give you quicker, easier access to the content and functions you most care about.

It also has an excellent capacity for multitasking, with the ability to close programs by simply swiping them away.

Finally, the Google Play Store, which is the Android equivalent of the Apple App Store, is home to millions of apps,
many of which are completely free.

Find out more about Android and compare Android phone deals here: Android phone deals
 3. Microsoft Windows Phone

Even though it's one of the biggest computer operating systems, Microsoft's Windows phones are no longer being produced.
And while you can still use your current Windows phone, the company discontinued updates in 2019.

Window Phone is recognisable from its tile-based interface - dubbed Metro - which features removable and interchangeable
squares sections on the home screen, each with its own purpose and function.

It also has aggregators called 'hubs', that group together all photos from all applications, or all music into one library,
meaning your Facebook photos can be found with your camera photos and your documents from different sources grouped
together in one, easy to access location.
4. Bada
Samsung is the launcher of this operating system. It came into market in 2010. Moreover, it includes features like 3-D
graphics, application installation, multipoint touch etc.

5. Blackberry OS
The developer of this operating system is Reasearch In Motion (RIM). It was specifically designed for blackberry
devices. Furthermore, it is useful for corporate users.

6. Symbian OS
Symbian Ltd. is the developer of this OS. Moreover, Nokia was the first to use this OS on its mobile phones.
Furthermore, it provides high level integration with communication. This OS is based on java language.

7. Harmony OS
It is a latest OS moreover, Huawei is its developer. It is specifically designed for use in IoT devices.

8. Palm OS
Its other name is Garnet OS. Furthermore, Palm Ltd. is its developer which developed this OS for use in Personal
Digital Assisstants (PADs).

9. WebOS
Palm Ltd is its developer. Moreover, it is based on Linux kernel and HP uses it in its mobile devices and touchpads.
Thankyou