NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

SESSION 1 AND 2 LEC

 INTRODUCTION

• Nutrition is the supply of essential nutrients from food to the body for life
sustenance. It can also be described as the relationship between diet and health
of humans. Nutrition can either be good or poor. A good nutrition is necessary
for development and functioning of body organ, body growth, reproduction and
maintenance. It is the process of ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport,
metabolism, interaction, storage and excretion.

Diet is the kind of foods that a person, animal or community habitually eats.
 BASIC CONCEPTS

• Food – Nourishes the Body

• - Anything eaten or drink
• - Source of Energy
• - Raw material which our body are made
• Nutrients – Components of foods
• - Water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins
 FOOD CHOICES

• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES PERSONAL FOOD CHOICES

PREFERENCE SOCIAL INTERACTION

HABITS AVAILABILTY, CONVINIENCE AND
ECONOMY
ASSOCIATIONS AGE, BODY, WEIGHT AND IMAGE
ETHNIC HERITAGE AND REGIONAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS, HEALTH
CUISINE AND NUTRITION
VALUES ??????
SIX CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS
ORGANIC NUTRIENTS
• FATS, PROTEINS,
CARBOHYDRATE, VITAMINS
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS
• WATER AND MINERALS
 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE

• Sets of standards that define the amounts of

energy, nutrients, other dietary components and
physical activity that best support health
 ESTIMATED TOLERABLE UPPER
RECOMMENDED AVERAGE INTAKE LEVELS
DIETARY ADEQUATE INTAKES
REQUIREMENTS
ALLOWANCE
DAILY AMOUNTS OF GUIDES FOR AVERAGE DAILY INCREASE INTAKE
NUTRIENTS NUTRIENT INTAKES NUTRIENTS INTAKE ABOVE UL COULD
CONSIDERED WHEN SCIENTIFIC LEVELS ESTIMATED LEAD TO TOXICTY
ADEQUATE EVIDENCE IS TO MEET THE
INSUFFICIENT TO REQUIREMENTS OF
DETERMINE AN RDA HALF OF THE SET OF VALUES
PARTICULAR WITH HEALTHY REFLECTING THE
GENDERAND STAGE INDIVIDUALS IN A HIGHEST AVERAGE
OF LIFE GIVEN AGE AND DAILY NUTRIENT
GENDER GROUP INTAKE LEVELS
THAT POSES NO RISK
A GOAL FOR OF TOXICITY
DIETARY INTAKE BY USED IN RESEARCH
INDIVIDUALS AND AS BASIS IN
WHICH RDA VALUES
ARE SET
 FACTORS AFFECTING ENERGY
REQUIREMENT

AGE
GENDER
WEIGHT
HEIGHT
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 ESTIMATED ENERGY
REQUIREMENT(EER)

• Level of energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult.

• The difference between Nutrients and Energy requirement(ER) is that ER has
an obvious indicator which is body weight
ACCEPTABLE MACRONUTRIENT
DISTRIBUTION RANGE (AMDR)
MALNUTRITION
 Variety

Balance Moderation

Nutritious
Diet

Nutrient
Adequacy
Density

Kcalorie
Control
 FOOD LABELS

• Ingredient List – The first Ingredient predominates by weight

• Nutritional Facts Panel – Provides information as serving size, daily values,

and nutrient quantities
• The Daily Values – Estimated values of nutrients based on 2000kcal personal
requirement.
• Claims on labels
Nutrient claims- level of nutrient in a food. Starts with words
low, high, free, reduced, more, and less
Health Claims – relationship between a nutrient or other
substance in food and disease or health-related condition
FOOD LABELS
NUTRITION CARE PROCESS

SESSION 2
• Nutrition Assessment is a systematic approach to collect, classify and
synthesize important and relevant data needed to identify nutrition-related
problems and their cause.
 NUTRITION ASSESSMENT

FIVE DOMAINS
FOOD/ NUTRITION- ANTHROPOMETRIC BIOCHEMICAL DAT, NUTRITION- CLIENT HISTORY
RELATED HISTORY MEASUREMENTS MEDICAL TEST AND FOCUSED
PROCEDURES PHYSICAL
FINDINGS
Food and Nutrient Height, weight, Lab data, resting Physical Personal history,
intake, food, and body mass metabolic rate Appearance, medical/health/fami
nutrient index(BMI), muscle and fat ly history,
administration, growth pattern wasting, swallow treatments and
medication, indices/percentile function, appetite complementary/alte
complementary/ ranks, and weight and affect rnative medicine
alternative histroy use and social
medicine use, history.
knowledge beliefs,
food and supplies
availability,
physical activity,
nutrition quality of
life.
 NUTRITION DIAGNOSIS
THREE DOMAINS
INTAKE CLINICAL
Too much or too little of a Nutrition problems that
food or nutrient compared related to medical or
to actual or estimated physical conditions
needs
BEHAVIORAL-
ENVIRONMENTAL
Knowledge, attitudes,
beliefs, physical
environment, access to
food, or food safety
HOW TO WRITE A NURTITION DIAGNOSIS

PROBLEM OR
NUTRITION SIGNS/
DIAGNOSIS ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS
TERM
 EXAMPLE

• Excessive oral intake as related to frequent

consumption of energy dense foods due to food
nutrition related knowledge deficit as evidenced by
reported intake of high fat, high energy meals and
drinks with weight gain of 19kg in the last 5
months and current of BMI of 41.
 NUTRITION INTERVENTION

• Prioritizing should be based in urgency, impact, and available resources.

• Goals are must be set by patient and the health provider
• Focus on the etiology
• Communicate the plan
• Modify as needed
 FIVE DOMAINS OF INTERVENTION

Food and/or Nutrition Nutrition Coordination Population

Nutrient Education Counselling of Nutrition Based
Delivery Care Nutrition
Action
Customized A formal Collaborative Consultation Interventions
approach for process to counselor- with, referral designed to
food/nutrient instruct or client to, or improve the
train a client relationship coordination nutritional
in a skill or to of nutrition well- being of
impart Acknowledge care with a population.
knowledge to and foster other health
help cleints responsibility care providers
voluntarily for self care to or agencies
managed treat an
their diet existing
problem
 NUTRITION MONITORING AND
EVALUATION

THREE KEY COMPONENTS:

1. MONITORING
2. MEASURING
3. EVALUATING
 4 DOMAINS

FOOFD/ ANTHROPOMETRIC BIOCHEMICALDAT NUTRITION-

NUTRTION- MEASUREMEN T A, MEDICAL TESTS, FOCUSED
RELATED AND PROCEDURE PHYSICIAN
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES FINDING
OUTCOMES

Food and nutrient Height, weight, body Lab data and tests, Physical appearance,
intake, food and mass index (BMI), gastric emptying muscle and fat
nutrient growth pattern time, resting wasting, swallow
administration, indices/percentile metabolic rate. function, appetite and
medication, ranks and weight effect.
complementary/alt history
ernative medicine
use,
knowledge/beliefs
food and supplies
availability,
physical activity,
nutrition quality of
life.