Differential Equations

Objectives
• To learn basic concept differential
equations
• To learn how to find the solution of first
order differential equations

2
 Introduction

Differential equations are widely used to model

natural phenomena, engineering system and many
other situations.
DEs have a remarkable ability to predict the world
around us. They are used in wide variety of
disciplines, for example, biology, economics,
physics, chemistry and engineering. They can
describe exponential growth and decay, the
population growth of species or the change of
investment return over time.
 Some other uses of DEs
•In Medicine for modelling cancer growth or the
spread of disease.
•In Electrical engineering for describing the
movement of electricity.
•In Chemistry for modelling chemical reactions.
•In Economics to find the optimum investment
strategies.
•In Physics to describe the motion of waves and
particles.
•In Structure engineering to determine the loads,
deflection, bending moment, shear force etc.
1. Differential Equations (DEs)
 In 1671 by Newton and Leibniz
• An equation containing the derivatives of one or more
unknown functions (or dependent variables), with
respect to one or more independent variables, is said to
be a differential equation (DE).
2. Classification of DEs
 ODEs and PDEs
3. Order & Degree of DEs
4. Linear DEs
 All the dependent variable and their derivatives have power one
 The coefficient of derivatives should not be a dependent variable
 No term involving any transcendental function of dependent variable.

5. Non-Linear DEs
 Initial Value Problem
When performing an integration with an
indefinite integral, or with no initial
conditions, there is always an unknown
constant. This is known as the constant of
integration and is often denoted by C.
An ODE, together with an initial condition, is
called an initial value problem.
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