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COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERIN
G
 NAME
Reg. no.- XXXXXXXXXXX
Branch-EEE
Subject- Engineering Drawings
ADDITION
REACTION
 Addition reaction
An addition reaction occurs when
two or more reactant combine to
form single product.During
addition reaction,unsaturated
molecules will become saturated.
 Types of addition
reactions:
1.Nucleophilic addition reaction
2.Electrophilic addition reaction
3.Free radical addition reaction
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTIO
Reactions are carried out by nucleophiles.These are typical
reactions of aldehydes and Ketones.
Example- addition of base –catalysed HCN to ketone

ˉOH + HCN ➺ H2O + CNˉ (nucleophile)

Oˉ OH
∣ ㊉ ▕
— C = O + CNˉ ➺ —C— + H ➺ —C—
I ❘ 〡
CN CN
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTION

Reactions are carried out by electrophiles. These are

typical reactions of alkene and alkyne.
Example – Addition of HBr to propene
㊉

R—CH ＝ CH2 + Hδ+—Brδ- ➺ R—CH—CH2 +

Brˉ
propene Π-complex step 1 ❘

H
 ㊉

R—CH—CH2 + Brˉ ➺ CH3—CH—CH3

❘ step 2 ❘
H Br
(Isopropylcarbocation) ( trans 2-bromopropane)

In the first step, HBr is added to propene to form a

Π-complex , which then form isopropyl carbocation (secondary
carbocation),which is more stable than primary
carbocation.The second step is the attack of the nucleophile Br
-
to yield trans addition product.
FREE RADICAL ADDITION REACTION
Reactions are carried out by free radicals.
Example – Addition of HBr to propene in presence of peroxide.
Initiation
∆ . .
R — ∶O∶ — ∶O∶ — R ➺ R — ∶O∶ + ∶O∶ — R
. .
R — ∶O∶ + H — Br ➺ R — O — H + Br
(bromine radical)
Propagation
. .
CH3—CH ＝ CH2 + Br ➺ CH3—CH—CH2—Br
slow
. C
CH—CH2—Br +HBr ➺ CH3—CH2—CH2—Br .

fast (1- bromopropane) + Br

Termination
. .
Br + Br ➺ Br2