Week-5

 Output Devices
 Printing Devices
 Impact Printers
Non-Impact Printers

 Display Devices
 Monitors
 LCD
 Plasma

 Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices
Optical Storage Devices
 Printers
 A printer is an output devices that produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper or transparencies.
 A printer often connects by a cable to a parallel port or a USB port.
 There are different printers with varying speeds, capabilities and
printing methods.

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 Printers (Cont’d)

 Two categories of printers are

 Impact Printers
 Impact printers use a device to strike an inked ribbon, pressing ink
from the ribbon onto the paper.
 Impact printer is noisy because of striking mechanism. e.g.
 Dot matrix printers
 Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of
fine wires. The wires strike a ribbon and the paper.

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 Printers (Cont’d)
 Non-Impact Printers
 Non-impact printers form characters & graphics on a piece of paper,
without actually striking on paper.
 Some spray ink while other use heat or pressure to create images.
 These printers are much quieter than the impact printers.

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 Printers (Cont’d)
 Commonly used non-impact printers are
 Ink-jet Printers
 It is a type of non-impact printer that form characters & graphics by
spraying tiny drops of liquid ink on a paper.
 The most popular type of color printers for use in offices or home because
of their low cost & letter-quality print, which is an acceptable quality of
print for business letters.

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 Printers (Cont’d)
 Laser Printers
 It is a high speed, high quality printer
 Laser printers for PC’s ordinarily more removable trays that slides
into the printer case.
 Laser printers are available for color and black-and-white printing.
 Quality determined by dots per inch (dpi) produced
 Expensive initial costs but cheaper to operate per page

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 Printers (Cont’d)

 Laser Printers

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 Monitors
 A monitor is a peripheral device which displays
computer output on a screen.
 Monitors are categorized by the technology they use:
 Cathode ray tube (CRT) Monitors
 Flat-panel displays
 Plasma
 Plasma screen technology illuminates
lights arranged in a panel-like screen
 Type of flat panel display

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 Monitors (Cont’d)
 CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
 A CRT is a large, sealed glass tube, the front of a tube is a screen.
 Electron gun shoots a stream of electrons

at a specially phosphor-coated screen

 An electron beam moves back & forth

across the back of the screen.

This causes the dots on the front of
the screen.
 The dots are grouped into pixels, which

glow when struck by electrons.

 In color CRTs, each pixel contains a red, green, and blue dot. These glow
at varying intensities to produce color images.
 CRT monitors for desktop computers are available in various size, with
the more common being 15, 17, 19, 21 inches etc …

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 Monitors (Cont’d)

The CRT electron gun “shoots”

3 electrons at the screen
representing the amount of
red, green and blue for the
pixel

 PixEL (Picture Element)

 smallest unit of an image, basically a single dot on the screen
 Resolution
 Number of pixels in the image
 Common resolution size is 1024x768

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 Monitors (Cont’d)
 LCD Flat-Panel Display
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
 A flat-Panel Display Device with a shallow depth that does not use

CRT technology.
 Forms output by solidifying crystals and “backlighting” the image

with a light source

 TV sets are CRTs and many desktop monitors use this technology
 LCD is primarily used for laptops and other portable devices

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 Storage Devices
 Storage devices holds data, instructions & information for future use.
 Every computer uses storage devices to holds software, specifically
system software & application software's.
 It is also called Secondary Storage or Auxiliary Storage Devices.
 Example of storage media are
 Magnetic Storage Devices
 Hard Disk,
 Floppy Disk
 Optical Discs:
 CD-R, CD-RW, DVD

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 Magnetic Storage Devices - Disk Areas
 When a disk is formatted, the OS creates four areas on its surface:
 Boot sector – stores the master boot record, a small program that runs when you
first start (boot) the computer
 File allocation table (FAT) – a log that records each file's location and each
sector's status
 Root folder – enables the user to store data on the disk in a logical way
 Data area – the portion of the disk that actually holds data

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 Hard Disks
 Auxiliary storage is a hard disk.
 Hard disks use multiple platters, stacked on a spindle. or
 A hard disk consists of one or more rigid metal plates coated with a metal oxide
material that allows data to be magnetically recorded on the surface of the
platters.
 Each platter has two read/write heads, one for each side.
 The hard disk platters spin at a high rate of speed, typically 5400 to 7200 RPM.
 Storage capacities of hard disks for personal computers range from 10 GB to
320 GB (TB is possible but rare).
Read/write heads

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 Hard Disk (Cont’d)
Sectors
each track is divided
into pie-shaped
wedges

Cluster Tracks
Two or more Data is recorded in
sectors combined concentric circular bands

 The hard disks available today is called an optically assisted hard drives. It combines optical
technology with magnetic media, which have potential storage capacity up to 500 GB.

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 Formatting
 Formatting is the process of preparing a disk for reading and writing.
 Before a magnetic disk can be used, it must be formatted—a process that
maps the disk's surface and determines how data will be stored.
 During formatting, the drive creates circular tracks around the disk's
surface, then divides each track into sectors.
 The OS organizes sectors into groups, called clusters, then tracks each
file's location according to the clusters it occupies.

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 Floppy Disk
 It is also called Diskette.
 It is portable, inexpensive storage medium that consist of thin, circular,
flexible plastic film with a magnetic coating enclosed in a square-shaped
plastic shell.
 Diskettes come in two sizes: 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch.
 Diskettes are available in different capacities, but the most common
store 1.44 MB.

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 Optical Storage Devices
 An optical disc is a high-capacity storage medium. An optical drive uses
reflected light to read data.
 To store data, the disc's metal surface is covered with tiny dents (pits) and flat
spots (lands), which cause light to be reflected differently.
 When an optical drive shines light into a pit, the light cannot be reflected back.
This represents a bit value of 0 (off).
 A land reflects light back to its source, representing a bit value of 1 (on).

1 0

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 Optical Storage Devices (Cont’d)
 CD's (Compact Disc) 700 MB storage
 CD-ROM (read only)
 CD-R: (Record) to a CD
 CD-RW: Can write and erase CD to reuse it (Re-Writable)
 DVD (Digital Video Disc)
 A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc, is a flat round, portable
storage medium that is usually 4.75 inch in diameter.
 A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact disc that used the same laser
technology as audio CDs for recording music.
 In addition it can contain other types of data such as text, graphics, and
video.
 The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 MB of data, about 70 minutes of audio.
 Once data is written to a standard CD-ROM disk, the data cannot be altered
or overwritten.

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 Optical Storage Devices (Cont’d)
 A CD-Recordable (CD-R) drive lets you record your own CDs, but data
cannot be overwritten once it is recorded to the disk.
 A CD-Rewritable (CD-RW) drive lets you record a CD, then write new
data over the already recorded data.
 A variation of CD-ROM is called Digital Video Disk Read-Only Memory
(DVD-ROM), and is being used in place of CD-ROM in many newer PCs.
 Standard DVD disks store up to 4.7 GB of data—enough to store an
entire movie.

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 Optical Storage Devices (Cont’d)
 Dual-layer DVD disks can store up to 9.4 GB.
 DVD disks can store so much data because of sophisticated data
compression technologies.
 At a glance, a DVD-ROM look like a CD-ROM, the size and shape are
similar, but
 DVD-ROM store data, instructions & information in a slightly different
manner and thus it achieves high storage capacity.

 HD-DVDs can store 15 GB

 Blue-Ray DVDs can store 25 GB

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