Ei 6

Ekonomi internasional
hery medianto kurniawan

haemkaa@gmail.com
Perdagangan internasional
Keseimbangan tanpa perdagangan
internasional
Figure 1The Equilibrium without International Trade
figur ini menunjukkan surplus konsumen dan produsen dalam kondisi keseimbangan tanpa
perdagangan internasional untuk pasar baja
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Consumer
surplus
Equilibrium
price Producer
surplus
Domestic
demand
0 Equilibrium Quantity
quantity of Steel
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Perdagangan internasional
disebuah negara pengekspor
• Bergitu perdagangan internasional boleh
diberlakukan, harga akan langsung melonjak ke
tingkat harga dunia
• Kurva penawaran menunjukkan produksi baja
domestik, sedangkan kurva permintaan
menunjukkan konsumsi baja domestik
• Besarnya ekspor sama dengan selisih antara
jumlah penawaran domestik dan jumlah
permintaan domestik pada harga baja dunia
Figure 2 International Trade in an Exporting Country
Price
of Steel
Price Domestic
after supply
trade World
price
Price
before
trade
Domestic
Exports demand
0
Domestic Domestic Quantity
quantity quantity of Steel
demanded supplied
Figure 2 International Trade in an Exporting Country
Price
of Steel
Price Domestic
after supply
trade World
price
Price
before
trade
Domestic
Exports demand
0
Domestic Domestic Quantity
demanded supplied
Bagaimana perdagangan bebas memengaruhi kesejahteraan negara
pengekspor
Figure 3 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country
Price
of Steel
Domestic
Price supply
after A Exports
trade World
B D price
Price
before
C
trade
Domestic
demand
0 Quantity
of Steel
Figure 3 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country
Price
of Steel
Consumer surplus
before trade Domestic
Price supply
after A Exports
trade World
B D price
Price
before
C
trade
Producer surplus
demand
0 Quantity
of Steel
How Free Trade Affects Welfare in
an Exporting Country
THE WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM
TRADE
The Gains and Losses of an Importing Country
Perdagangan internasioanl
disebuah negara pengimpor
Figure 4 International Trade in an Importing Country
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Price
before
trade
Price World
after price
trade
Domestic
Imports
demand
0 Domestic Domestic Quantity
supplied demanded Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Figure 5 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
A
Price
before trade B D
Price World
after trade C price
Imports
Domestic
demand
0 Quantity
of Steel
Price
of Steel
Consumer surplus
supply
A
Price
before trade B
Price World
after trade C price
Producer surplus Domestic

before trade demand
0 Quantity
of Steel
Price
of Steel
Consumer surplus
after trade Domestic
supply
A
Price
before trade B D
Price World
after trade C price
Imports
Producer surplus Domestic
after trade demand
0 Quantity
of Steel
How Free Trade Affects Welfare in
an Importing Country
Dampak pemberlakuan tarif
• Tarif
• Pajak terhadap suaru barang yang dihasilkan diluar dan dijual
secara domestik
• Ketika harga domestik turun mengikuti harga dunia,

kesejahteraan konsumen domestik meningkat (surplus
konsumen naik dari A menjadi A+B-D), sedangkan
kesejahteraan produsen domestik turun (surplus produsen
menurun dari B+C menjadi C.
• Surplus total meningkat sebesar luas D,kenaikan surplus total
ini menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan internasional
meningkatkan kesejahteraan negara pengimpor secara
keseluruhan
Figure 6 The Effects of a Tariff
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Equilibrium
without trade
Price
with tariff Tariff
Price World
without tariff Imports price
Domestic
with tariff
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
without tariff Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Price
of Steel
Consumer surplus
before tariff Domestic
supply
Producer
surplus Equilibrium
before tariff without trade
Price World
without tariff price
Domestic
demand
S D
0 Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
Price
of Steel
Consumer surplus
with tariff Domestic
supply
A
Equilibrium
without trade
B
Price
with tariff Tariff
Price World
Domestic
with tariff
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Producer
surplus Equilibrium
after tariff without trade
Price
with tariff C Tariff
Price World
without tariff G Imports price
Domestic
with tariff
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Tariff Revenue
Price
with tariff Tariff
E
Price World
Domestic
with tariff
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
A
Deadweight Loss
B
Price
with tariff C Tariff
D E F
Price World
without tariff G Imports price
Domestic
with tariff
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
The Effects of a Tariff
DAMPAK PEMBERLAKUAN QUOTA
IMPOR
• Kuota impor
• Batas penjualan domestik dari suatu barang
yang dihasilkan diluar
Figure 7 The Effects of an Import Quota
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Equilibrium
without trade
Domestic
Quota
supply
+
Import supply
Isolandian
price with
Equilibrium
quota
with quota
Price
World World
without =
price Imports price
quota Domestic
with quota
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
without quota Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Figure 7 The Effects of an Import Quota
Price
of Steel
Domestic
supply
Equilibrium
without trade
Domestic
Quota
supply
A
+
Import supply
Isolandian
price with B
Equilibrium
quota
with quota
C D E'
Price E" F
World World
without =
price G Imports price
quota Domestic
with quota
demand
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Quantity
of Steel
Imports
without quota Copyright © 2004 South-Western
The Effects of an Import Quota

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Ekonomi internasional

hery medianto kurniawan

Producer surplus Domestic

• Ketika harga domestik turun mengikuti harga dunia,

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