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Special
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Theory
of
Relativit
y
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Lesson 11
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Learning Competency:

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Explain how special relativity
resolved the conflict between
Newtonian mechanics and
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Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory.

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DATE: DATE: 08/23/2020

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Activity 1: Picture Analysis Guide Questions:

1. What does the picture

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Direction: Briefly analyze the picture. tell you?
2. What is the numeral
value of the speed of light?

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3. Does the speed of light
change its speed in a

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vacuum?
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Scientists Slow Down Speed of Light in Vacuum (fossbytes.com)

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DATE: DATE:

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● The Special Theory of

Relativity was coined

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and developed by Albert
Einstein in 1905 as an
answer to the long-

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debated conflict
Introduction between James Clerk
Maxwell’s Theory of

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Electromagnetism and
Isaac Newton’s three
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Laws of Motion.
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DATE: DATE:

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● Long before the

development of the
special theory of

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relativity, there were
two great theories of

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physics: The Theory of
Electromagnetics The Theori
developed by James
es

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Clerk Maxwell and the
Three Laws of Motion
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by Isaac Newton.
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DATE: DATE:

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● Newtonian mechanics is grounded

on the use of Newton’s three laws of
motion. The mechanics explains that

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space (distance), time, and mass, are
absolute. This means that the
distance between two objects and the
time that passes between two events
Newtonian

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does not depend on the environment
where the object is in.
Mechanics

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● According to Maxwell,
light as a wave have both

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electrical and magnetic
components and that it
moves at a constant speed Maxwell’s

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of 186,000 miles per Electromag
netic
second. It means that the Theory of L
speed of light is the same ight

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for everything and for all
observers.
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● There is only one conflict

between the two theories:
according to Maxwell, light

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in a vacuum moves at
186,000 miles per second.
And it does not change for

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The all observers and situation.
However, according to
Co n fl i c t Newtonian physics, all

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speeds are relative –
meaning speed depend on
the observers, viewpoint and
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situation.
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● He stressed that while

Newtonian physics is true,
Maxwell’s theory is also

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Resolution:
correct. He resolved the
Einstein an
opposing ideas by d

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establishing the two the Special
foundations of the special Theory of
theory of relativity.
Relativity

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● The first principle in

Einstein theory is the
consistent law principle.

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Resolution:
It states that all motions
Einstein an
are relative to the selected d

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reference frame or the Special
viewpoint. It means that Theory of
the motion of an object is
Relativity

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based on the observers’
viewpoint.
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● Example: A teenage boy is

standing inside a train that is
passing equally between two

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oak trees. Because the train is
moving, he saw that a
y sic s a r e the
l aw s of ph lightning struck the tree on his
s of

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T h e r am e
all f
s am e i n ng at left first then the tree on the
m o v i
e n c e t h at are
refe r
c i t y w ith right. Another boy, who is
a n t v el o
a c o n s t
o n e an o ther. standing at a train platform,

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respect to
also saw the same event. Only,
in his viewpoint, the lightning
struck both trees at the same
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time.
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DATE: DATE:

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● The second principle in

Einstein’s theory deals

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with the speed of light. Resolution:
This is the constancy of
Einstein an
speed. He established that d

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light moves in a speed of the Special
186,000 miles per second Theory of
and is the same for all Relativity

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observers’ viewpoint.
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Example: An astronaut that is

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moving towards the source of

light will think that light is
moving at 186,000 miles per

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second. Hence, an astronaut
that is not moving towards the
t in a n e mpty source of light will think that
p e e d of ligh
s nitude

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Th e e m a g light is moving at 186,000
a s the sa m
sp a c e h r d le s s of
ve r s re g a miles per second. In short,
l l o b s e r
fo r a
e i r v e lo c ity. regardless of the rate
th

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movement of the source of
light and the rate movement of
the astronauts, the speed of
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light will remain the same.

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These two postulates

clarify that if two events

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happen at different
places, it is not
always likely to say

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Note
which of the two events
happens first or that they
occur at the

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same time.
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