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Goal
Goal
Goal:
1- Learning how to determine the capacitance by charging
and discharging a
capacitor.
5) stop watch
V
How to draw the circt:
Ve
ry
Im
po
rta
nt
- +
V
- +
+
-
:Theory
What is the capacitance?
capacitor properties
1) The parallel-plate capacitor is consisted of two plates, the amount of
charge (Q) is the same on each plate.
2) These plates are separated by a distance d filled with a dielectric material.
:Theory
(Q) If the capacitor is connected by a resistance R for example and to a battery to create voltage
difference between the capacitor plates (i.e. the battery will charge the capacitor) , After disconnecting the
battery the voltage will:
1) Drops immediately to ZERO
2) Will take some to time to reach to the zero point.
After disconnecting the battery, it will take some time (t) which depends on R and C to
discharge the capacitor from Vo to V.
𝑉 =𝑉 0 𝑒 → = 𝑒 𝑅𝐶
𝑉0
in parallel in series
V s =V 1 +V 2 V s =V
V =V
1 2
Q s =Q 1=Q 2 Q s =Q
Q +Q
1 2
1
Cs
=
1
(+
1
C1 C 2 ) C s=C
C 1 +C 2
in series in parallel
Q Q
∵V = V s=V 1+V 2∧Q s=Q 1 =Q 2∵V = → Q=𝑉𝐶 V s =V 1=V 2∧Q s=Q 1 +Q 2
C C
Qs Q1 Q2
∴ = + ∴𝑉 s C s =𝑉 1 C 1 +𝑉 2 C2
Cs C1 C2
¿ ∵ Q s = Q 1 =Q 2 ¿ ∵V s =V 1 =V 2
( ) ( ) ∴ 𝑉 C =𝑉 ( C +C
Q 1 1 1 1 1
∴
Cs
=Q +
C1 C2
→
Cs
= +
C1 C 2 s 1 2 ) →C s =C 1+C 2
:Procedure
Part 1 :- Determining The Value of Unknown Resistance
3- Close the switch so that Capacitor U is disconnected from the battery. In the same
time start timing (measuring time t) by using the stop watch until Vo decreases to a
lower value V.
4- Repeat timing three times using three different values of V (for example 8, 5 and 3
V) and record t for every time.
5- Use the equation to calculate C for each value of V. Next, calculate the average 𝑡
value of C.
∴ 𝐶=−
𝑉
𝑅𝑙𝑛
6- Calculate the average value of CU. 𝑉0
1
Cs
=
1
(
+
1
C1 C 2 ) C s=C1 +C 2
Calculate the percentage error in Rs -4 Calculate the percentage error in Rs -4
X m− X X m− X
%= ×100 %= ×100
X X