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Cal 5. App. of Derivatives Students
Cal 5. App. of Derivatives Students
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
Contents
4.1. Related Rates
4.2. Linear Approximations and Differentials
4.3. Maxima and minima
4.4. The Mean value theorem
4.5. Derivatives and the shapes of Graphs
4.6. Limits at Infinity and Asymptotes
4.7. Applied Optimization Problems
4.9. Newton’s Method
4.10. Antiderivatives
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
Example 1
Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon so that its volume
increases at a rate of 100 cm3/s.
How fast is the radius of the balloon increasing when the diameter is
50 cm?
RELATED RATES
Example 1
RELATED RATES
Example 1
The key thing to remember is that rates of change are derivatives.
Example 1
To connect dV/dt and dr/dt, first we relate V and r by the
formula for the volume of a sphere:
Example 1
The approximation
f(x) ≈ f(a) + f’(a)(x – a) = L(x)
is called the linear approximation of f at a.
LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS Example 1
In particular, we have:
LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS
Look at the table and the
figure.
– However,
the accuracy
decreases
when x is farther
away from 1.
Use the linear approximation to of the function at
a=3 to approximate the numbers. Select the correct ones.
a) b)
c) d)
Answer: a and b
Do yourself
• Find the linearization of the function
at a = -1 and use it to approximate the value of f(-0.99).
a. 1 b. ½ c. 1/3 d. 2
Quiz
Answer: e
Quizzes
If 1/f =1/u+1/v then du/dv is:
a) f/(v-f)2 b) –f2/(v-f)2
c) 2f2/(v-f)2 d)-2f2/(v-f)2
P.350: 1, 2, 3, 5
P.364: 50-77
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
?
Abs max; abs min;
Abs max; abs min;
local max
local max; local min
f(c) and an absolute minimum value f(d) for some c and d in (a,b).
Answer: e
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
3. f(a) = f(b)
Then, there is a number c in (a, b) such that f’(c) = 0.
ROLLE’S THEOREM
f ’(c) ≤ 5.
2 f ’(c) ≤ 10.
f(2) = – 3 + 2 f ’(c) ≤ – 3 + 10 = 7
– The largest possible value for f(2) is 7.
MEAN VALUE THEOREM
Theorem
Corollary
If f ’(x) = g’(x) for all x in an interval (a, b), then f – g is
constant on (a, b).
– What are the dimensions of the field that has the largest
area ?
Example 2
APPLIED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS Example
Consider the tangent line L to the curve y = f(x) at the point (x1,
f(x1)) and look at the x-intercept of L, labeled x2.
SECOND APPROXIMATION
4.10 Antiderivatives
If F is an antiderivative of f on an interval I,
the most general antiderivative of f on I is
F(x) + C
where C is an arbitrary constant.
ANTIDERIVATIVE FORMULA
a. 0 b. 3/2 c. ½ d. - 1/2
Answer: a
Exercises
P.350: 1, 2, 3, 5
P.364: 50-77
Summary
• Maximum and Minimum Values
• The Mean Value Theorem
• f’ and f’’ say about f
• Optimization Problems
• Newton’s Method
• Anti-derivatives