PHENOMENOLOGY

• exploring the lived experiences of women undergoing breast biopsy or the

lived experiences of family members waiting for a loved one undergoing
major surgery
 ETHNOGRAPHY
• an anthropologist traveling to an island, living within the society on said
island for years, and researching its people and culture through a process
of sustained observation and participation
 GROUNDED THEORY
• Grounded theory is often used by the HR department. For instance, they
might study why employees are frustrated by their work. Employees can
explain what they feel is lacking. HR then gathers this data, examines the
results to discover the root cause of their problems and presents solutions.
 CASE STUDY
• This type of case studies focus on phenomena within the contexts of real-
life situations. Example: “An investigation into the reasons of the global
financial and economic crisis of 2008 – 2010.”
 Historical Analysis
• Historical Research: A Thematic Analysis of Convention and Conference
Themes for Selected Professional Health Education Associations from
1975 to 2009
CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

• Analyzing Public Discourse:Using Media Content Analysis to Understand

the Policy Process
 WHAT AREE THE THREE BASIC
RESEARCH APPROACHES
• POSITIVE OR SCIENTIFIC
• NATURALISTIC
• TRIANGULATION/ MIXED METHOD
 Where is scientific approach used?
• The scientific
• approach gives stress to measurable and observable facts instead of personal views,
• feelings, or attitudes. It can be used in researches under the hard sciences or STEM
• (Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine) and natural sciences (Biology, Physics,
• Chemistry). The positive or scientific approach allows control of variables or factors
• affecting the study. (Laursen 2010)
What are examples of soft sciences?