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Chapter 4
Time Value
of Money:
Valuing Cash
Flow Streams
1 r
n
• Now suppose that Uncle Henry gives you the money, and
then deposits your payments to him in the bank each year.
How much will he have four years from now? We need to
compute the future value of the annual deposits. One way
to do this is to compute the bank balance each year:
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Example 4.1 Present Value of a
Stream of Cash Flows (5 of 6)
70 85 85 90 90 90
PV
1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 6
2 3 4 5
• Each function takes four variables as inputs and returns the value
of the fifth
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4.1 Valuing a Stream of Cash
Flows (9 of 11)
Example 1:
• Suppose you plan to invest $20,000 in an account
paying 8% interest.
• How much will you have in the account in 15 years?
• To compute the solution, we enter the four variables
we know and solve for the one we want to determine,
FV.
Evaluate
• This answer of $3641 is precisely the same result we
found earlier. As long as we apply the three rules of valuing
cash flows, we will always get the correct answer.
C C C
PV = ......
(1 r) (1 r) (1 r)
2 3
C
PV C in Perpetuity
r
Evaluate
• If you donate $375,000 today, and if the university invests
it at 8% per year forever, then the graduates will have
$30,000 every year to fund their graduation party.
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Example 4.3a Endowing a
Perpetuity (1 of 4)
Problem:
• You just won the lottery, and you want to endow a
professorship at your alma mater.
• You are willing to donate $4 million of your winnings
for this purpose.
• If the university earns 5% per year on its investments,
and the professor will be receiving her first payment in
one year, how much will the endowment pay her each
year?
C
PV , so C PV r
r
C $4,000,000 .05 $200,000
C C C C
PV = ......
(1 r) (1 r)2 (1 r)3 (1 r)N
1 1
PV Annuity of C for N periods with Interest Rate r C 1
r 1 r N
1 1
PV 29 year of $1 million at 8% annual int erest $1 million 1
0.08 1.08 29
$1 million 11.16
$11.16 million today
• Both the financial calculator and Excel will give you the PV
of the 29 payments ($11,158,406, or 11.16 million), to
which you must add the first payment of $1 million just as
shown.
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Example 4.4 Present Value of a
Lottery Prize Annuity (7 of 7)
Evaluate
• The reason for the difference is the time value of money. If
you have the $15 million today, you can use $1 million
immediately and invest the remaining $14 million at an 8%
interest rate. This strategy will give you $14 million × 8% =
$1.12 million per year in perpetuity! Alternatively, you can
spend $15 million −$11.16 million = $3.84 million today,
and invest the remaining $11.16 million, which will still
allow you to withdraw $1 million each year for the next 29
years before your account is depleted.
1 1
PV (6-year annuity) $10,000 1
0.07 1.076
PV (6-year annuity) $47,665
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
+$47,665
$57,665
FV Annuity PV 1 r
N
C 1
1 r
N
1
r 1 r
N
1
C 1 r 1
r
N
$10,000 164.49
$1.645 million at age 65
Using a financial calculator or Excel:
C
PV Growing perpetuity
r g
• The cost of the party next year is $30,000, and the cost
then increases 4% per year forever. From the timeline, we
recognize the form of a growing perpetuity and can value it
that way.
$30,000
PV $750,000 today
0.08 0.04
Evaluate
• You need to double the size of your gift!
1 1 g
N
PV = C 1
r - g 1 r
FV = $112,384 1.10 40
$5,086,416 in 40 years
P
C
1 1
1 N
r (1 r)
P 80,000
C $7106.19
1 1 1 1
1 1
r (1 r ) 0.08 (1.08)30
N
P 200,000
C $1,199.10
1 1 1 1
1 1
r (1 r )N 0.005 (1.005)365
2000
1000
(1 r)6
2000 6
1 r
1000
1.1225,or
r 12.25%
1 1
40,000 15,000 1
r (1 r)4
Evaluate
• Thus, taking the loan is equivalent to paying $21,290
today, which is costlier than paying cash. You should
pay cash for the car.