FYM as a component of INM  

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

FYM is one of the oldest manure used by the farmers in

growing crops because of its easy availability and presence of
all the nutrients required by the plants. Farmyard manure refers
to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals
along with their litter and left over material from roughages or
fodder fed to the cattle. FYM is one of the components of INM
as it a cheap and easily available source of organic nutrients.
Integrating FYM with inorganic fertilizer , scientists are getting
very good response of the crop. Application of this source of
organic improves physical, chemical and biological condition of
the soils. FYM can supply all the nutrients required by the
plant, however with low quantity.

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
The composition of FYM is shown below:

Nutritional status of FYM (%):

Content (%) Nutrient

 
Nitrogen 0.5
Phosphorus 0.25
Potassium 0.4
Sodium 0.08
Sulphur 0.02
Zinc 0.004
Copper 0.0003
Manganese 0.007
Iron 0.45

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

Methods of preparation of FYM

a) Pit Method :

This method is commercially adopted by farmers usually

pits of 8m x 2m x 1m dimensions are prepared, which are
filled in layers by the mixture of dung, urine and litter up to
about 50 cm above ground level. The top is nicely filled, pits
is covered by dry soil and then plastered by mud paste. One
pit is needed every after two adult animals, the manure
became ready after about 150 to 180 days of plastering.
Usually 10-12 tones of FYM obtained/pit or every animal
gives out about 5 to 6 tones of FYM /year.

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

b) Trench Method :

This method is also called as Dr.C.N.Acharya method.

In this method trenches of 6 to 8 m length, 1.5 to 2 m
width, and 1 to 1.25 m depth are prepared. Mixture of
dung and urine soaked litter is deposited in layers in
these trenches until it becomes 50 cm above the ground
layer. Now it is covered with 50 cm deep soil or wood
ash- soil layer and then plastered by mud paste. Manure
becomes ready for use after about 150 – 160 days of
plastering.
 

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

 
c)Heap Method :

Most commonly used by the farmers. Every day

sweepings, cow dung and litter are collected and heaped at
any fixed place. After about 6 to 9 months, the rotten manure
is used. According to an estimate, about 30 to 35% N2, 20 to
25% P2O5 & 4-6% potassium are lost during preparation of
manure due to leaching, washing and volatilization.

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

Methods of FYM Application :

 
FYM should be uniformly spread over soil surface and mixed
thoroughly.
It should be applied 15-20 days before sowing or
transplanting so that manure goes under ammonification and
nitrification process.
Application of undecomposed manure should not be applied.
Soil should have sufficient moisture at the time of application
so that proper microbial activity takes place. Usual rate of
application ranges between 2-5 tones/ha for most of the
crops. But it may show high as 50 to 100 tones/ha for
vegetable, sugarcane etc. For best response it must be well
powdered and it should be sieved, especially for use in
nursery.

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

Beneficial Effects of FYM :

• FYM is rich in nutrients

• A small amount of N is directly available to the plants
while a larger portion is made available as and when the
FYM decomposes. When cow dung and urine are mixed,
a balanced nutrition is made available to the plants.
• Application of FYM improves soil fertility.
• It has spectacular beneficial effect on physical, chemical
& biological properties of soil.

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 Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

Disadvantages:
 
• It introduces used problem in field
• Its decomposition releases harmful gases which polluted
atmosphere.
• Reduces availability of certain micronutrients
• Needs more cost/unit weight of nutrients during handling,

storage and application as compared to fertilizer.

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