INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Presentation # 1

• Presented To:
Ms. Rabia Saleem
• Group Members:
Shah Jahan Adil
Hammad Ali
Muhammad Umar
 VIRUS
• A computer virus is a type of computer program that, when
executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs
and inserting its own code into those programs.
• If this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be
"infected" with a computer virus.
• The files that contains viruses are called infected files.
EFFECTS OF VIRUSES ON COMPUTER

A countless number of viruses are in float today in the world

creating different types of problems and fatal damages to the
computer applications and data.
Some of these damages are given below.
• A computer virus can destroy all data on disk by damaging
file system.
• A virus can destroy boot sector on disk causing boot failure
and due to this Windows stop running.
• A computer virus loaded in computer slow down its speed.
• Some important files can be deleted due to virus.
• Many viruses steal sensitive information causing social and
financial loss to the user.
Note: The first pc virus in the world named “Brain” was created
by two Pakistani students. “Basit and Amjad” in 1986.

HOW VIRUSES ENTER IN COMPUTER?

A virus can be spread due to a number of reasons and activities
done on computer. These are explained below.
1- Email:
Email messages are one of the most common cause of
spreading virus. If an email message is
sent by an infected computer, the virus is also transferred to
receiving system.
2- Networks:
Viruses can also be spread through internet and other
LAN or WAN networks. For Example, if a user shares an infected
file on the network. The virus may spread to all the computers
connected to the network.
3- Removeable Storage Media:
Now-a-days, removeable storage media is commonly
used to exchange data from one system to another.
Files that contains virus can also be transferred to other
computers through removeable storage devices. CD, DVD and
USB are commonly used.
 INDICATION OF VIRUS INFECTED
SYSTEM

• The processor takes more resources and time and computer responds slower
than expected.
• Computer beeps without any visible indication of caution.
• Drive labels may change them self.
• The system may be unable to boot and load operating system.
• The computer may restart automatically.
 TYPES OF COMPUTER
VIRUS
There are many types of computer virus. Some of these are given below.
1- Boot Sector Virus:
It is a type of virus that infects the boot sector of floppy disks or the
Master Boot Record (MBR) of hard disks. The Boot sector comprises all the
files which are required to start the Operating system of the computer. The
virus either overwrites the existing program or copies itself to another part of
the disk.
2- Overwrite Virus:
One of the most harmful viruses, the overwrite virus can completely
remove the existing program and replace it with the malicious code by
overwriting it. Gradually it can completely replace the host’s programming
code with the harmful code.
 ANTIVIRUS
SOFTWARES
An Antivirus is a type of software that is used to detect and remove
Viruses (Malware) from computers and networks.
• The Antivirus programs are equipped with the tools to detect different types
of viruses by matching their signature to internal repository.
• When a malicious application is found, it is removed from the system.
• The Antivirus repository database is updated time to time by internet. An up-
to-date Antivirus program can provide maximum protection as new viruses
are coming out everyday.
 There are many Antivirus programs in the market. Some are available as
free of cost, but provide limited protection. But on the other hand, the
programs that provide better security are available for a certain price.
Sometimes, more than one Anti-viruses are required to detect and remove some
particular type of threats.
There are some Antivirus softwares listed below.
• McAfee
• Avast
• Norton Antivirus
• Avira
• ESET Smart Security