Hearing Sound

Darma Yudha Junior

High School
Pekanbaru
 What do you hear?
⚪ Did you hear something? Maybe the sound
you heard was as quiet as your cat licking
her paws. Or maybe it was loud, like a
siren going by.
⚪ Sounds are everywhere, and you have two
cool parts on your body that let you hear
them all: your ears!
⚪ No matter where we go, sound waves are
all around us.
 Sounds
Close your eyes and listen to these sounds.

Click Click

Click Click

Click Click
 What is sound?
⚪ Sound is a form of energy that Made by
vibrations and travels in waves.
⚪ When matter vibrates or moves back and
forth very quickly, a sound is made.
⚪ Sound waves can travel through solids,
liquids, or gases.
⚪ Example: When a school bell rings,
parts of the bell will vibrate creating
sound.
 How does the ear work?
⚪ Sound waves are sent.
⚪ The outer ear “catches the sound waves”.
⚪ The middle ear takes the sound waves and “vibrates”
the eardrum.
⚪ The inner ear sends the messages to the brain.

Middle Ear

Outer
Ear

Sound Waves Inner Ear

⚪ The brain puts it together and hooray! You hear your

favorite song on the radio.
 Sound Travels
⚪ Sound travels in waves.
⚪ Sound must travel through matter to
be heard.
⚪ Remember: Matter can be a solid, a
liquid, or a gas.
⚪ A sound is made when things vibrate.
⚪ Sound travels by sending vibrations
through matter.
 Sound Travels Through Matter
Gases Liquids Solids
Most of the sounds Some sounds that Some sounds that
we hear travel we hear travel we hear travel
through gases, such through water.
as air. through solids.

Sound waves travel Sound waves travel

a faster through Sound waves travel
slowly through the very fast through
air. water than through
the air. solids.
For example: Sound
from a bell, a horn, For example: When
or an alarm clock Sonar is the way to
travels through the use sounds to locate you hit a drum, it
air. objects under vibrates, then the
water. sound travels
through the air, to
your ears.
What animals use
sonar?
Sound makes the air vibrate.
⚪ For sound to be heard, sound
vibrations must have air or some other
kind of matter to travel through.
⚪ You cannot hear sound in outer space
because there is no air or other
matter to carry sound vibrations.
How do you think astronauts are
able to talk each other in outer
space?
Sound can also be blocked.

THINK:
Why do some people wear ear
coverings?
 Cover your ears!
⚪ Some people who work near loud
machines wear ear coverings.
⚪ The coverings block some of the sound
vibrations from reaching the ears.
⚪ The ear coverings protect your ears
from the noise.
⚪ Have you ever covered your ears?
Why?
Sound travels to your ear

Sound

The air vibrates

but does not travel from
the alarm to the ear.

11
Large ears to collect sound

■ Our ears are

on the side
of our
heads.
■ We can play
a game to
find out why.
12
 ?
■ Why
does
Mittens
look
unhappy?

13
 Whales sing
to each
other.

■ Sound
travels
through
water.
14
15
 Bush telephone
game

■ Sound travels through the string

16
Telephones --
■ Are like a sound system

The electrical
signal is
amplified

A microphone A loudspeaker
changes sound to an changes the electrical
electrical signal. signal to sound.
17
Telephones --
■ The message travels through miles
of wires as an electrical signal.

loudspeaker

microphone

electrical signal
18
Mobile phones use radio
Sound - electrical signal - radio signal - electrical signal - sound

In one phone the In the second

sound is changed phone the radio
into an electrical signal is changed
signal then into a Mobile into an electrical
radio signal. phone signal then into
beacons
Radio signal
sound.

Sound - electrical signal - radio signal - electrical signal - sound

19
What is this?
What
sound
does she
make?

20
What are these?
■ What
sound do
they
make?

21
What sound does this make?
■ How does it
make the
sound?

22
Bells

■ What
sounds will
they make?
23
Straw oboes

🡨 blow

■ Listen as the straw is snipped.

24
II. Properties of
Sound
Pitch
- description of how high or low
the sound seems to a person

. Loudness-
how loud or soft a sound is
perceived to be.
Loudness of Sound in Decibels
Sound Loudness (dbs) Hearing
Damage
Average Home 40-50

Loud Music 90-100 After long

exposure

Rock Concert 115-120 Progressive

Jet Engine 120-170 Pain

Ultrasound
-sound waves with frequencies above the
normal human range of hearing.
Sounds in the range from 20-100kHz

Infrasound
- sounds with frequencies below the
normal human range of hearing.
Sounds in the below 20- Hz range
 Interference
• the result of two or more sound
• waves overlapping
Doppler Effect
is the apparent change in the
frequency of a sound caused by
the motion of either the listener
or the source of the sound.
Size matters!
■ Large things make
___________ sounds

■ Small things make

___________ sounds

32
New words:

■ High pitch =
high frequency
■ Low pitch =
low frequency
33
Size matters!

34
What else changes sounds?
■ How do you
tune a violin?

■ Let us try to
make a string
instrument.

35
What have we learned?
■ Vibrating objects make sounds
■ Sound needs a medium through which to travel
– air, water, string - - -
■ The medium vibrates but does not travel with the
sound
■ Large vibrations make loud sounds
- small vibrations make quiet sounds
■ Large objects make low frequency sounds
- small objects make high frequency sounds
■ In strings the frequency of the sound depends on
the length, thickness, and tension.
36
Can you spot the baby?

Sound
has
lots
of
uses

37
Ultrasound is very, very high
frequency sound.
It is used to see inside people
- to see
◻babies before
they are born
◻if a heart is
working well
◻blood flow

38
Ultrasound is very, very high
frequency sound.
It is used to see inside people
- to see
◻babies before
they are born
◻if a heart is
working well
◻blood flow

39
Knowledge about sound helps -
■ Musical instrument design
◻and playing them
■ Sailors find how deep the water is
■ Building design
◻so we hear sounds clearly in meetings
◻so sound does not travel through walls
■ Sound systems for everyone
◻radio - CD players
◻mobile phones - iPods
40
Knowledge about sound helps -
■ Musical instrument design
◻and playing them
■ Sailors find how deep the water is
■ Building design
◻so we hear sounds clearly in meetings
◻so sound does not travel through walls
■ Sound systems for everyone
◻radio - CD players
◻mobile phones - iPods
41
 Physics is

everywhere
■ From kitten’s ears to mobile phones

42
 Loudness or Volume
⚪ Volume is the loudness or the softness
of a sound.
⚪ Loud sounds use a lot of energy.
⚪ Soft sounds use a little energy.
⚪ Example: The harder a drum is hit,
the more the drum will vibrate . The
more an object vibrates, the louder
the sound it makes.
 Pitch
⚪ Pitch is the highest or lowest sound
an object makes.
⚪ Objects that vibrate slowly, make a
low pitch. Example-drum.
⚪ Objects that vibrate quickly, make a
higher pitch. Example-recorder
 Music
⚪ Music is a combination or sequences of
sounds that people enjoy listening to.
⚪ Musical instruments make different
sounds by plucking the strings.
⚪ The shorter the string, the quicker it
vibrates producing a high sound.
⚪ The longer the string, the slower it
vibrates producing a low sound.
 Let’s Review
⚪ Sound is a kind of energy that can be
heard.
⚪ A sound is made when things vibrate.
⚪ The vibrating object makes the air around
it vibrate.
⚪ Sound vibrations move through the air into
your ears and make the eardrums vibrate.
⚪ Volume is how loud or soft a sound is.
⚪ Pitch is how high or low a sound is.
 Congratulations!

⚪You have learned how sound

travels.
⚪Three Cheers for the Ears!
 Resources
⚪ http://images.search.yahoo.com
⚪ http://office.microsoft.com/clipart