VS.PARAPHRASING English Language Arts Key Concepts/ Understanding to be Developed
Equip the learners with knowledge to
address the learning gaps of students in synthesizing information from various sources through summarizing and paraphrasing. Learning Objectives Knowledge: Hypothesize the importance of summarizing and paraphrasing. Skills: Make a summary and paraphrase information from various sources. Attitude: Perform with open-mindedness in evaluating paragraphs based on rubrics. Values: Display oneness in accomplishing group tasks. INTRODUCTION With a partner, •Tells about a recent activity that you had participated (e.g. playing a video game, going to the mall, working on a project, etc.) in as much detail as possible. You will be given two minutes to tell about your experience. •The second volunteer will be asked to summarize what the first volunteer described in no more than three sentences and include the most important information about what was said. •The first volunteer will decide whether all relevant information was included in the summary. ACTIVITY (10 mins) In groups of four, the facilitator: •Distributes a sheet of paper which contains three parts. 1st-original text. 2nd- summary of the original text. 3rd- paraphrased of the original text. •Participants will take note of their observations in their notebooks. PROCESSING QUESTIONS: 1. What information is presented in each part of the paper? 2. Which is a summary? a paraphrase? 3. Differentiate the two. 4. What are some characteristics of a good summary? a good paraphrase? 5. What are the steps in summarizing/paraphrasing? SUMMARIZING VS. PARAPHRASING - both are indispensable writing tools. They are both techniques of incorporating other writers’ works or ideas into your writing using your own words. Although a writer must always use his/her own ideas when writing, sometimes it becomes necessary to use other writers’ thoughts and concepts. This may be due to one or more of the following reasons: •To provide support to your own ideas •To give reasons of why you agree or disagree with something •To give depth to your writing •To refer to something that led to your ideas •To give a point of view which is different from yours Paraphrasing -is re-writing another writer’s words or ideas in your own words without altering the meaning. The paraphrase is about the same length as the original since the purpose is to rephrase without leaving out anything, and not to shorten. Now when should you paraphrase and when should you summarize? Paraphrase when: •You want to use another writer’s words without plagiarizing •You want to use another writer’s words without the use of quotes •The ideas of the other writer are more important than his/her style •You think that the words of the other writer are too difficult for your readers Summarize when: •You want to identify only the main ideas of the writer •You want to give an overview of the topic (from several sources) •You want to simplify a complex argument •You want to condense the matter to suit your requirement. Paraphrasing Answer Key Example 1: An example of acceptable paraphrasing: Original Material New York is referred to as “the city that never sleeps.” At nights, people can be assured that something is going on no matter what the time. Paraphrase In New York, there is something to do at all hours of the night. Example 2: An example of unacceptable paraphrasing: Original Material Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with approximately 2.5 million residents, and the second- largest in area. Paraphrase Brooklyn is the most populous borough in New York City, with about 2.5 million residents, and is the second biggest area. Why is this an example of unacceptable paraphrasing? This is a bad example of paraphrasing because it substitutes a few words with synonyms but the structure and word order remains the same as the original. Directions: Paraphrase the following paragraphs. Original: Hemmingway’s work contains a lot of symbolism. In The Old Man and The Sea, the protagonist is struggling to capture a large marlin. His struggle against the marlin symbolizes the protagonist’s struggle against defeat. Hemmingway’s use of symbolism truly affects the way the reader reads and interprets his work. Paraphrase: When reading Hemmingway’s work, it is important to recognize how symbolism affects interpretation. Hemmingway’s use of symbolism affects the reader’s interpretation of the work. Original: 2. Organic foods are said to be healthier because they are grown without pesticides, radiation, or genetic mutations that most non- organic food contains. Non-organic foods are often injected with hormones and dyes, which jeopardize the quality of the food. Paraphrase: Organic foods are healthier than most non-organic foods Original: “No historian should begin research with someone else’s notes. Taking notes is the first (and perhaps most important step) in developing our own interpretation of a subject. It forces us to decide (again and again) what is interesting and important” (Reuben, 2005, p. 413). Paraphrase: - Reuben (2005) states that in order to develop an original analysis of their topic, historians must commence research with their own “notes” rather than relying on a secondary analysis of another’s. Just a hint! When writing the paper, rely on your notes rather than on the author's work. You will find it much easier to avoid borrowing from the original passage because you will not have recently seen it. Follow this simple sequence: 1.Convert the ideas from your notes into full sentences. 2.Provide a reference. 3. Go back to the original to ensure that (a) your paraphrase is accurate and (b) you have truly said things in your own words. Summarizing on the other hand, is putting down the main ideas of someone else’s work in your own words. A summary is always shorter than the original since the idea is to include only the main points of the original work and to leave out the irrelevant. A summary is usually about one-third the size of the original. Writing a good summary is not as easy as it may appear. It actually requires quite a bit of finesse.
First, the student must read and
comprehend the text. Second, this may involve unpacking lengthy sentences and decoding challenging vocabulary. Third, identify main ideas and key points, which means that they must have a good enough understanding of the text to distinguish between essential and nonessential information. Finally, they must express this information in their own words. This means that summarizing a text requires both comprehension and expression skills. Please watch this video on plagiarism from this site: https://study.com/academy/ lesson/paraphrasing-without- plagiarism.html
After watching, ask the participants
to: Hypothesize the importance of summarizing and paraphrasing. Individual Activity: Make a summary and paraphrase information from various sources that is provided (30 min) •Read the material that is provided. •Use a bond paper, folded into two and rewrite the paragraph or article in two ways: paraphrasing and summarizing the text. •Share your newly written product with your group mates. Sample Response: Sample Response: Incorrect! Sample Response: Incorrect! (This will be done in groups) 2 • Humpty Dumpty Sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty Had a great fall.
All the King's horses
And all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty Together again. 3
• Old Mother Hubbard
Went to the cupboard To give her poor dog a bone. But when she got there The cupboard was bare, And so the poor dog had none. 4 Jack and Jill went up the hill, To fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after.
Up Jack got and home did trot,
As fast as he could caper, And went to bed to mend his head With vinegar and brown paper. 5 Little Miss Muffet Sat on a tuffet, Eating some curds and whey.
Along came a spider
Who sat down beside her And frightened Miss Muffet away. CONCLUDING ACTIVITY (individual) Write your answers on a bond paper.
• In 6 words, write what you have
learned. (This is a variation of the Smith Magazine writing contest)