Occupational Health And

Safety Management Systems

OHSAS 18001:2007

A Systematic Approach
To People Health & Safety Care
In
All Aspects Of
Business
 Brief History
 ISO 9001 / 2 / 3:1994 – Quality Management Systems
 ISO 14001:1996 – Environmental Management Systems
 HS(G)65 – Successful Health & Safety Management (HSE, UK)
 BS 8800:1996 – Guide to OHSMS
 1996 – ISO safety committee voted down an OHSMS ISO standard
 Dutch Technical Report NPR 5001:1997 – Guide To An OHSMS
 Brief History
(Continued…)
 1997 – Start Of National / Individual Organizational Standards For Auditing
Against BS 8800:
 SGS & ISMOL ISA 2000:1997 – Requirements For Safety & Health
Management Systems
 BVQI SAFETYCERT – OHSMS
 DNV OHSMS:1997 – Standard For Certification Of OHSMS
 IRELAND - DRAFT NSAI SR 320 – Recommendation For An OHSMS
 DRAFT AS / NZ 4801 – OHSMS – Specification With Guidance For Use
 DRAFT BSI PAS 088 – OHSMS
 UNE 81900 – Series Of Pre-standards On The Prevention Of
Occupational Risks
 DRAFT LRQA SMS 8800 – Health & Safety Management Systems
Assessment Criteria
 Brief History
(Continued…)
 OHSAS 18001:1999 – Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems –
Specification: Withdrawn
 OHSAS 18002:2000 – Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems –
Guidelines For The Implementation Of OHSAS 18001
 International Labour Organization:2001, Guidelines on Occupational Health and
Safety Management Systems (OSH-MS)
 OHSAS 18001:2007 – Occupational health and safety management systems –
Requirements: Aligned with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ILO guidelines
 NOTE: Compliance With OHSAS 18001:1999 Does Not Of

Itself Confer Immunity From Legal Obligations

 Organizations Involved In
Developing OHSAS 18001:2007
 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
 Associacion Espanola de Normalizacion y Certificacion (AENOR)
 Association of British Certification Bodies (ABCB)
 British Standards Institution (BSI)
 Bureau Veritas
 Comision Fedaral de Electricidad (CFE), (Gerencia de la seguridad industrial)
 Czech Accreditation Institute (CAI)
 Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
 DS Certification A/S
 EEF the manufacturers’ organisation
 Organizations Involved In
Developing OHSAS 18001:2007
(Continued…)
 ENLAR Compliance Services, Inc.
 Health and Safety Executive
 Hong Cong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA)
 Inspecta Certification
 Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH)
 Instituto Argentino de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IRAM)
 Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tecnicas y Certificacion (ICONTEC)
 Instituto de Normas Tecnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO)
 Instituto Mexicano de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IMNC)
 Organizations Involved In
Developing OHSAS 18001:2007
(Continued…)
 Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Tecnicas (UNIT)
 ITS Consultants
 Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA)
 Japanese Standards Association (JSA)
 Korea Gas Safety Corporation (ISO Certificate Division)
 Lloyds Register Quality Assurance (LRQA)
 Management Systems Certification Limited
 National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI)
 National University of Singapore (NUS)
 NPKF ELECTON
 Organizations Involved In
Developing OHSAS 18001:2007
(Continued…)
 NQA
 Quality Management Institute (QMI)
 SABS Commercial (Pty) Ltd.
 Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA)
 SGS United Kingdom Ltd
 SIRIM QAS International
 SPRING Singapore
 Standards Institute of Israel (SII)
 Standards New Zealand (SNZ)
 Sucofindo International Certification Services (SICS)
 Organizations Involved In
Developing OHSAS 18001:2007
(Continued…)
 Swedish Industry Association (Sinf)
 TUV Rheinland Cert GmbH – TUV Rheinland Group
 Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
 Occupational Health & Safety

 Conditions and factors that affect the

health and safety of employees or other

workers (including temporary workers and
contracted personnel), visitors or any other
person in the work place
 Ill Health

 Identifiable, adverse physical or mental

condition arising from and / or made worse

by a work activity and / or work-related
situation
 OH&S Hazard

 What is “OH&S Hazard”?

 OH&S Hazard

 Source, situation, or act with a potential for

harm in terms of:

 Human injury or ill health, or

 A combination of these

e.g.: Slippery conditions

 Types Of Hazard

 What are the different types of OH&S

hazards?
 Types Of Hazard
 Chemical
 Physical
 Biological
 Ergonomic
 Physiological
 Psychological
 Types Of Hazard (Contd…)
Chemical
 Explosives
 Corrosives
 Flammable liquids
 Toxic chemicals
 Oxidizing materials
 Dangerous gases / vapours
 Dusts / fumes / smoke / aerosols / mists
 Types Of Hazard (Contd…)
Physical
 Noise/ Vibration
 Electrical
 Mechanical
 Temperature
 Radiation:
 Ionizing
 Non-ionizing
 Infrared / Ultraviolet / Microwave / Laser
 Types Of Hazard (Contd…)
Biological
 Bacteria
 Fungi
 Moulds
 Mites
 Insects
 Plants
 Viruses
 Types Of Hazard (Contd…)
Ergonomic
 Physiological factors
 Lifting
 Cumulative trauma disorders
 Fatigue
 Psychological factors
 Monotony
 Personal relationships
 Work – rest cycles
 Incident
 What is an incident?
 Incident (Contd…)
 Work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardless of
severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred

 Note 1: An accident is an incident which has given rise to injury, ill

health or fatality.
 Note 2: An incident where no injury, ill health, or fatality occurs may also
be referred to as a “near-miss”, “near-hit”, “close call” or “dangerous
occurrence”.
 Note 3: An emergency situation is a particular type of incident.
 e.g. Slipping of feet
 Risk

 What is “Risk”?
 Risk (Contd…)
 Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event
or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be
caused by the event or exposure(s)
 e.g.: High likelihood & high severity  extreme risk

 Acceptable risk – Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be
tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and
its own OH&S policy
 Safety
 Consider: People, Equipment, Material, Environment
 Freedom from unacceptable risk or harm
 Managing risks:
 Avoid high risks
 Manage medium risks
 Live with low risks
 Terminate, treat, tolerate, transfer

 Controlling accidental loss

 Analyze loss causation chain
 Act on the lack of control
 Loss Causation Chain
 Loss:
 Unintended Harm And / Or Damage
 Incident / Event:
 Crossing A Threshold Limit
 Immediate Causes:
 Substandard Acts / Practices; Conditions
 Basic Causes:
 Personal Factors; System / Job Factors
 Lack Of Control:
 Inadequate System / Standards / Compliance
 Accident Ratio
 Possibilities:

For every 1 major injury –

 10 minor injuries
 30 property damages
 600 near misses

 Direct your efforts to many significant opportunities of near-misses to

control accidental loss
 Immediate Causes
Substandard Conditions
 Inadequate guards / barriers
 Inadequate PPE
 Defective tools / equipment
 Congestion
 Inadequate warning system
 Disorder
 Inadequate ventilation
 Inadequate illumination
 Immediate Causes (Contd…)
Substandard Acts / Practices
 Failure to warn
 Failure to obey rules
 Failure to follow procedures
 Removing safety devices
 Improper lifting
 Failure to use PPE
 Servicing operating equipment
 Horseplay
 Basic Causes
System / Job Factors
 Inadequate leadership
 Inadequate engineering
 Inadequate purchasing
 Inadequate tools / equipment
 Inadequate maintenance
 Wear & tear
 Abuse and misuse
 Basic Causes (Contd…)
Personal Factors
 Inadequate capability
 Lack of knowledge
 Lack of skill
 Stress
 Improper motivation
 Lack Of Control
 Inadequate system
 Inadequate system standards
 Inadequate compliance with standards

 Management controllability Vs Operator controllability

 OH&S Management System
 Part of an organization’s management system used to develop and
implement its OH&S policy and manage its OH&S risks
 Note 1: A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish
policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.
 Note 2: A management system includes:
 Organizational structure
 Planning activities (including, for example, risk assessment and the setting
of objectives)
 Responsibilities
 Practices, procedures, processes and resources
 Interested Parties
OH&S
 Person or group, inside or outside the workplace, concerned with or affected
by the OH&S performance of an organization:
 Employees, management
 Suppliers and contractors
 Regulatory authorities
 Insurers
 Financial stake holders (banks, shareholders)
 Customers
 Media
 Society at large
 Why Have OHSMS?
 Low probability of lapses in legal compliance
 Improved productivity due to:
 Reduced stress, improved motivation
 Reduced man-hours lost
 Improved employee involvement
 Improved public image
 Avoidance of adverse publicity
 Better response in emergency situations – reduced loss
 Improved relations with regulatory bodies
 Reduced compensation losses
 Sustainable development
Shewart & Deming’s
P-D-C-A Model

ACT PLAN

CHECK DO
OH&S Management System
Model
 OH&S Requirements
4.1 General requirements
 Establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an
OHSMS as per the requirements of OHSAS 18001:2007
 Define and document the scope of OHSMS
 OH&S Requirements (Contd…)
4.2 OH&S Policy
 Authorized by top management
 Appropriate to the nature and scale of OH&S risks
 Includes commitment to prevention of injury and ill health
 Includes commitment to continual improvement in OH&S
management and performance
 Includes commitment to at least comply with current applicable
OH&S legislation and other requirements
 Provides framework for setting and reviewing OH&S objectives
 OH&S Requirements (Contd…)
4.2 OH&S Policy (Continued…)
 Document, implement and maintain
 Communication to all persons working under control of the organization for
awareness of individual OH&S obligations
 Availability to interested parties
 Periodic review for relevance and appropriateness
 Plan
4.3 Planning
 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls
 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements
 4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s)
 Risk Controls

 Elimination
 Substitution
 Engineering controls
 Signage / Warnings and / or administrative controls
 Personal Protective Equipment
 OH&S Legislation
Few Examples

 The factories act, 1948

 State factory rules, 1950 / 1952
 Environmental (protection) act, 1986
 Manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules, 1989 / 1994
/ 2000
 Hazardous wastes (management and handling) rules,1989 / 2000 / 2003
 The noise (regulation and control) rules, 2000
 OH&S Legislation
Few Examples (Continued…)
 The petroleum act, 1934 & amendments
 Petroleum rules, 1976
 Explosives act, 1884 and amendments
 Explosives rules, 1983
 Gas cylinder rules, 1981
 The static and mobile pressure vessel rules, 1981
 Calcium carbide rules, 1950
 The Indian boiler act, 1950 and amendments
 Motor vehicles act, 1980 & rules
 OH&S Legislation
Few Examples (Continued…)

 Indian electricity act, 1910

 Indian electricity rules, 1956
 Contract labour (regulation & abolition) act, 1970; and rules, 1971
 Workmen compensation act, 1923
 OH&S Objectives

 Minimum – to meet legal and other requirements

 Consistent with OH&S policy
 At relevant functions and levels
 S: specific
 M: measurable
 A: achievable
 R: relevant
 T: time bound
 OH&S Programme(s)

 To achieve OH&S objectives

 Designation of responsibility and authority
 The means and time frame
 Do
4.4 Implementation and operation
 4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority
 Management appointee
 4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness
 4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation
 4.4.4 Documentation
 4.4.5 Control of documents
 4.4.6 Operational control
 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response
 Check
4.5 Checking
 4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring
 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance
 4.5.3 Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective and preventive
action
 4.5.3.1 Incident investigation
 4.5.3.2 Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action

 4.5.4 Control of records

 4.5.5 Internal audit
 Act
4.6 Management review
 Top management to review OHSMS at planned intervals
 Ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness
 Assess opportunities for improvement and need for changes
 Maintain records of management review
 Act (Contd…)
4.6 Management review (Contd…)
Review inputs
 Results of internal audits
 Results of evaluation of compliance with OH&S legislation and other
requirements
 Results of participation and consultation
 Communications from interested parties (Including complaints)
 OH&S performance
 OH&S objectives achievement
 Status of incident investigations, CA / PA
 Act (Contd…)
4.6 Management review (Contd…)
Review inputs (Contd…)
 Follow-up actions from previous management reviews
 Changing circumstances including OH&S legislation / other requirements
 Recommendations for improvement
 Act (Contd…)
4.6 Management review (Contd…)
Review outputs
 Consistent with commitment to continual improvement
 Decisions and actions related to possible changes to:
 OH&S performance
 OH&S policy and objectives
 Resources
 Other elements of OHSMS
 Road Map

 Evaluate present status

 Understand need for OHSMS
 Develop commitment
 Form core team
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Procure OHSAS 18001 & 2 Standards

 Arrange awareness training
 Prepare OHSMS documentation
 Conduct hazard identification and risk analysis
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Review OH&S legal and other requirements

 Establish OH&S policy, objectives and
programme(s)
 Implement the established OHSMS
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Internal auditors training

 Conduct periodic Internal audits and carry
out preventive & corrective action
 Conduct management reviews and execute
plans of actions
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Select certifying body

 Initial visit by certifying body
 Conduct corrective actions on observations
by certifying body, internal audit and
management review
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Certification audit (Valid for 3 years)

 Maintain and continually Improve the
system, conduct internal audits &
management reviews
 Periodic audits by certifying body
 Road Map (Contd…)

 Certification audit (Valid for 3 years)

 Maintain and continually Improve the
system, conduct internal audits &
management reviews
 Periodic audits by certifying body
 What is required to obtain
OHSAS 18001 certification?
 Positive & learning attitude
 Accept the change
 Team spirit
 Little more effort
 Make OH&S – The way of life
 In what way can I contribute
towards obtaining OHSAS 18001
certification?
 Understand your role in your organization’s
OH&S policy & objectives and cooperate for
effective implementation
 Understand and help documentation of OHSMS
in your area and work accordingly
 In what way can I contribute
towards obtaining OHSAS 18001
certification?...
 Seek for improvement
 In case of OH&S nonconformities, take prompt corrective
and preventive actions in consultation with the authorities
 Carry out timely and neat record keeping (So that it will be
of use for analysis, planning and improvement in future)
 In what way can I contribute
towards obtaining OHSAS 18001
certification?...
 Take care of OH&S related monitoring and measuring devices,
ensure timely calibration
 Ensure use of latest OHSMS documents and highlight any
discrepancies
 Ensure timely monitoring and measurement as specified
 Ensure that OH&S is not compromised due to improper
operation, handling, storage
 In what way can I contribute
towards obtaining OHSAS 18001
certification?...
 Participate whole-heartedly in emergency drills
 Utilize your knowledge and information, get fully
involved in activities related to you and always try to
overcome obstacles
 Work with team spirit, seek for mistake-proofing instead
of blaming people