Calculus

Calculus is the branch of mathematics that studies changes and their relationships. It
has two main branches: differential calculus and integral calculus.

by Pawan Kumar
Introduction to Calculus
1 2 3

Foundations Real-world Applications Versatile

We start with the concept of limits and Calculus is a vital tool to analyse real- Many fields rely on calculus, including
work towards finding derivatives and world phenomena such as motion and engineering, physics, economics and
integrals. fluid flow. statistics.
Differentiation
1 Definition 2 Notation

Differentiation is the process of The notation for the derivative

finding the derivative of a of a function f(x) is f'(x) or
function. df/dx. It measures the rate of
change of f(x) with respect to x.

3 Techniques 4 Applications

We use rules like the power Differentiation has several

rule, product rule, and chain practical applications such as
rule to differentiate functions. optimisation and curvature
calculation.
Applications of Differentiation

Optimisation Curve Sketching Economics

Differentiation helps us maximize or minimize Using differentiation, we can determine the In economics, differential calculus is used to
functions that represent real-life scenarios, properties of a function, like its extrema, analyze marginal changes in cost, revenue,
such as the shape of a roller coaster. inflections and asymptotes. and profit.
Integration

Definition Techniques Applications

Integration is the process of finding an We use integration by substitution, Integration is used in engineering,
antiderivative or finding the area under a integration by parts, and partial fractions physics, and statistics to calculate work
curve. to integrate functions. done, volumetric flow, and probability
density functions, respectively.
Applications of Integration

1 Area and Volume

Integration helps us calculate the area of irregular shapes

Centre of Mass and the volume of complex solids.

2
We can use integration to find the centre of mass of a solid.

3 Differential Equations

Integration is a key tool in solving differential equations,

which are used to describe many natural phenomena.
Differential Equations

Electric Circuits Economics Climate Change

Differential equations are used to model the Economic models use differential equations to Differential equations are used to model the
behaviour of electronic circuits and analyze study demographic trends, stock prices, and complex system of interactions between the
their properties. market demand. different components of the Earth's climate
system.
Conclusion
Calculus is a fascinating and essential branch of mathematics that has transformed our understanding of the world around us. Whether you're
calculating the velocity of a falling object, designing a bridge, or analyzing the stock market, calculus is an indispensable tool that helps us make
sense of complex phenomena.