普林斯敦大學的特異功能研究

Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR)

主講人 starbow

10,30,2007 台大特異功能社
 流 ? 怪力
能 不 入 亂神
特異功 ?

且來看看美國頂尖大學的實驗室是如何研究
與意識相關的物理現象 ~

Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research

Scientific Study of Consciousness-Related Physical Phenomena
"The PEAR Proposition" (trailer): An overview of the PEAR program
 Introduction & History
• 1965 Helmut Schmidt: 波音公司的理論物理學家 .

受到 J.B. Rhine(1895~1980) 的影響而開始研究超感官知覺

利用同位素”鍶” (Sr-90) 來製作亂數產生器 (RNG)
延攬了包括西雅圖的一些靈媒在內的受試者參與實驗
結果略微偏離純粹依照機率

• 1976 某位 Pricenton 的大二電機系女學生 :

在系上教授 Robert Jahn 的指導下以 RNG 進行兩年的專題研究

兩年後，該生畢業投入資訊工程的相關行業
 Robert Jahn 開始進行小規模更正式的計畫 ,
普大工程異常研究 (PEAR) 誕生於
心理學家 Brenda Dunne 加入團隊

• 1979 ~ 2007 PEARS 計畫執行其間

 Introduction & History
Robert G. Jahn
Professor of Aerospace Science and Dean, Emeritus

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,

Princeton University

• Fellow of the American Physical Society

• Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
• The chairman of the AIAA Electric Propulsion Technical Committee
• Associate editor of the AIAA Journal
• Member of the NASA Space Science and Technology Advisory Committee
• Vice President of the Society for Scientific Exploration and Chairman of the Board of the
International Consciousness Research Laboratories consortium
• Member of the Board of Directors of Hercules, Inc. and chairman of its Technology
Committee
• Member and chairman of the Board of Trustees of Associated Universities, Inc.
• Curtis W. McGraw Research Award winner of the American Society of Engineering
Education
• Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Andrha University
 Research Activities
I. Human/Machine Anomalies

II. Remote Perception

III. Theoretical Models

 Research Activities
I. Human/Machine Anomalies
In these studies human operators attempt to bias the output of a variety
of mechanical, electronic, optical, acoustical, and fluid devices to
conform to pre-stated intentions, without recourse to any known physical
influences.

In unattended calibrations all of these sophisticated machines produce

strictly random data, yet the experimental results display increases in
information content that can only be attributed to the consciousness of
their human operators.

II. Remote Perception

III. Theoretical Models

Research Activities
 Human/Machine Anomalies
Random mechanical cascade experiment.
 Human/Machine Anomalies
Fountain experiment.

Linear pendulum experiment.

 Human/Machine Anomalies

Robot (Frog) experiment

?
 Robot experiment

Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 27–46, 2007

Response of an REG-Driven Robot to Operator Intention

R.G. JAHN,* B.J. DUNNE, D.J. ACUNZO, AND E.S. HOEGER

Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
School of Engineering and Applied Science
Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544-5263
 Robot experiment

Fig. 1. PEAR Robot on its operating platform

in a multi-purpose experimental room.
Robot experiment
Random Event Generator (REG)
Flip a coin.
 Random Event Generator (REG)
microelectronic REG

White noise Binary signal

 REG Results
microelectronic REG

理想中的基線 念力實驗
頻率

分數
實驗結果的
高斯擬合

R. G. JAHN. B. J. DUNNE, and R. D. NELSON,

Engineering Anomalies Research,
Journal of Scientific Exploration. Vol. 1. No. I.
pp. 21-50. 1987
 REG Results
microelectronic REG

最終機率
累計 偏差

試驗次數
隨機事件產生器累積偏差 , 所有操作者 ( 超過 30 人 )

HI : high-intention
R. G. JAHN, Anomalies: Analysis and Aesthetics,
LO: low-intention
Journal of Scientific Exploration. Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 15-26, 1989 BL: base line
 Results Comparison
One operator on two experiments.

microelectronic REG

Random Mechanical Cascade

R. G. JAHN, Anomalies: Analysis and

Aesthetics, Journal of Scientific Exploration
Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 15-26, 1989
 Effect Size of REG experiments
Effect Size ( 有效程度 ): Cohen 把他定義為一個現象或效果存
在的程度。計算時需考慮參與人數和試驗時段等變數。例如有些藥
物研究是將使用藥物產生陽性效果的人數除以參與實驗總人數。

µ1 − µ 2 μ: 平均值
Standardized Effect Size (ES) =
(σ 1 ) 2 + (σ 2 ) 2 σ: 標準差

Generally, ES = 0 ~ 0.03 　有效程度很小

0.03 ~ 0.6 　 有效程度中等
> 0.6 　 有效程度很大
例如：
 PEAR all trials in database ES = 0.2 / hour
 PEAR’s REG: 0.3 < ES < 0.06
 醫學中認為阿斯匹靈可以降低心臟病發作率 , ES = 0.03
 More analysis in experiments
* Couple experiment:
42 experiments, 15 couples (30 operators), 256,500 trials

1. Same gender: A little negative effect (< individual effect )

2. Opposite gender (composed of familiars ): Larger effect
(~ 3.5 * individual effect ) (6 * individual effect for lovers)

* Gender difference:
135 operators, 270 data set, in 1979~1993

1. Male: Smaller effect in average, but higher hits by his will;

concentration is usually needed.
2. Female: Larger effect in average, but lower hits by her will;
distraction may help.
 More experiments
• 美術 REG

利用迷人的電腦影像 , 並隨機顯示反覆變換，而操作者必須
試 圖以意志力影響影像使某一幅圖片出現次數較多。
結果實驗整體並無顯著的效果
實驗者原先假設，漂亮影像可以發揮作用—讓受試者運意念以
獲得獎賞，可以看到喜歡的圖片。 結果並非如此 !

仔細檢視資料後發現，只有部分圖片能產生優異的效應：
宗教或儀式性的的圖片！

原來假說錯在要求使用者運用意識去選圖片，
事實上使用意識反而會阻礙這種現象。
 Theoretical models
I. Human/Machine Anomalies
II. Remote Perception
III. Theoretical Models
Model: Quantum Mechanics of Consciousness

Premise: the basic processes by which

consciousness exchanges information with its
environment, orders that information, and
interprets it, also enable it to bias probabilistic
systems and thereby to avail itself of some
control over its reality.

R. G. JAHN. and B. J. DUNNE, On the Quantum Mechanics of

Consciousness, With Application to Anomalous Phenomena,
Foundations of Physics, Vol. 16, No. 8, 721, 1986
 Quantum Consciousness

R. G. JAHN, M: Vector Representation of the SubliminalSeed Regime of M^5,

Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 341–357, 2002
 Implications and Applications

1. The Practical: Pragmatic Applications

2. The Intellectual: Enhancement of Basic Science
3. The Spiritual: Cultural Implications

February 10, 2007 : PEAR laboratory closed.

It has now incorporated its present and future operations into

the broader venue of the International Consciousness
Research Laboratories (ICRL), organization chartered in the
State of New Jersey, US.
http://www.icrl.org
Thanks for your listening~