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8 Network - Devices
8 Network - Devices
Repeaters
Hubs
Collisions
Bridges
Routers
LAN, MAN & WAN
Commonly referred to
as a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus
topology are connected
by one single cable.
Star & Tree Topology
The star topology is the most
commonly used architecture in
Ethernet LANs.
When installed, the star
topology resembles spokes in
a bicycle wheel.
Larger networks use the
extended star topology also
called tree topology. When
used with network devices that
filter frames or packets, like
bridges, switches, and routers,
this topology significantly
reduces the traffic on the wires
by sending packets only to the
wires of the destination host.
Ring Topology
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node
wants to transmit data, it adds the
data as well as the destination
address to the frame.
The frame then continues around
the ring until it finds the
destination node, which takes the
data out of the frame.
Single ring – All the devices on
the network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
Mesh Topology
Physical Media
Interconnecting Devices
Computers
Networking Software
Applications
Network Devices
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Introduction to Computer Networks
Networking Devices
12
The purposes of having devices
14 switches or gateways
What internetworking devices operate
at the physical layer (layer 1)?
A Repeater
17
Figure 20-5
Function of a Repeater
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21
Hubs (more)
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22
Bridges
A Bridge
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31 Lecture 3
Interconnection Without Backbone
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32 Lecture 3
Bridge/Switch Learning: example
Suppose C sends frame to D and D replies back with
frame to C
C 1
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39 Lecture 3
c. Switches
• Switches operate at the Data Link layer (layer 2)
• Can interpret address information
• Switches resemble bridges and can be considered
as multiport bridges
• By having multiports,
can better use limited
bandwidth and prove
more cost-effective
than bridge
Cisco Catalyst 2900 switch
40
• Switches divide a network into several isolated
channels
• Packets sending from 1 channel will not go to
another if not specify
• Each channel has its own capacity and need not be
shared with other channels
Hub 3.3Mbps
10Mbps
3.3Mbps
Switch
3.3Mbps
10Mbps
10Mbps
41 10Mbps
Ethernet Switches (more)
Dedicated
Shared
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42 Lecture 3
Advantages of Switches
• Switches divide a network into several isolated
channels (or collision domains)
• Reduce the possibility of collision
• Collision only occurs when two devices try to get access
to one channel
• Can be solved by buffering one of them for later access
• Each channel has its own network capacity
• Suitable for real-time applications, e.g. video
conferencing
• Since isolated, hence secure
• Data will only go to the destination, but not others
43
Using Switches to Create VLANs
• Switches can logically group together some ports to
form a virtual local area network (VLAN)
SW1 VLAN1 VLAN2
Hub
SW2 Hub
Switches can
be configured
to communicate
SW3 only within the
devices in the
group Hub
44
Routers
Routers in an Internet
• Routing Protocols
collect data about
current network
status and
contribute to
selection of the
best path
51
Bridges vs. Routers
both store-and-forward devices
– routers: network layer devices (examine network layer headers)
– bridges are Link Layer devices
routers maintain routing tables, implement routing algorithms
bridges maintain filtering tables, implement filtering, learning.
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52 Lecture 3
Routing among different networks
Layer-3 Switches
• Layer-3 switches operate in both layer 2 (data link layer)
and 3 (network layer)
• Can perform both MAC switching and IP routing
• A combination of switch and router
55