ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

AQSA JUNAID (nutritionst)

• Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties,
composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing
compounds. Most organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen,
but they may also include any number of other elements (e.g.,
nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon,
sulfur).carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, urea, carbon
tetrachloride
• carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, urea, carbon tetrachloride
 Importance of organic compounds in
nursing
• Nurses utilize organic chemistry to assist them with understanding
different arrangements, properties, and compounds and the valuable
benefits of utilizing them to really focus on their patients.
• Nurses must use organic chemistry to determine how the bodies of their
patients metabolized glucose, and how the body reacts to it. On a more
complex level, nurses must make decisions based on their knowledge of
organic chemistry to help save the lives of their patients.
• Nurses use organic chemistry to understand the processes that take place
at the cellular level. For example, nurses need to know how oxygen
travels from the lungs to the locations where it is needed so that they can
determine treatments for patients.
• Nurses must use organic chemistry to determine how the bodies of their
patients metabolized glucose, and how the body reacts to it.
• Importance of organic compounds
• Organic compounds are essential because they contain carbon in all
living organisms
• They are the basic components that move the world in many of the
cycles. For example, the carbon cycle which involves exchanging carbon
in photosynthesis and cell respiration between plants and animals.
• The four main groups of biologically important organic compounds are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
• Organic compounds also include petroleum and natural gas, which are
•Organic compounds contain complex structures and have high molecular
weights. These are soluble in organic solvents but mostly insoluble in water.
Mostly includes only three elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.
•Difference between organic and inorganic compounds
•ORGANIC COMPOUNDS .
•Organic compounds contain complex structures and have high molecular
weights. These are soluble in organic solvents but mostly insoluble in water.
Mostly includes only three elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.
•Organic compounds consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and their other
derivatives.
•Organic compounds are said to be more volatile and also highly inflammable.
• These compounds exist in the form of solids, gases, and liquids.
• These are insoluble in water.
• These compounds have the carbon-hydrogen bonds.
• Organic compounds are mainly found in most of the living things.
• Organic compounds form covalent bonds.
• In most of the aqueous solutions, these are poor conductors of heat
and electricity.
• Examples of organic compounds include fats, nucleic acids, sugars,
enzymes, proteins and hydrocarbon fuels.
Inorganic compounds
• Most inorganic compounds do not have carbon atoms in them (some
exceptions do exist).
• They do not possess hydrogen or oxygen and their derivatives.
• These compounds are not inflammable and are non-volatile in nature.
• These exist as solids.
• These are soluble in water and also non-soluble in some of the organic
solutions.
• These do not have the carbon-hydrogen bonds.
• These compounds are found in non-living things.
• Inorganic compounds form ionic bonds between the atoms of
Classification of organic compounds
Open chain compounds
• Open chain organic compounds are also known as acyclic compounds. Acyclic compounds are those compounds
whose structural formula is not cyclic. For instance: methane, ethane, acetone, methanol etc
• Straight chain compounds
• Straight chain alkanes are hydrocarbons, where the carbon atoms are connected in one
continuous chain. There are no branches or sub-branches connected. You will find 2
carbon chains, 3 carbon chains to 10 carbon chains.
•Branched chain compounds
• A branched chain alkane or branched alkane is an alkane which has alkyl
groups bonded to its central carbon chain. Branched alkanes contain only
carbon and hydrogen (C and H) atoms, with carbons connected to other
carbons by single bonds only, but the molecules contain branches (methyl,
ethyl, etc.)
Cyclic compounds
A cyclic compound or ring compound is a compound in which at least some its atoms are connected to form
a ring. Rings vary in size from three to many tens or even hundreds of atoms.
Homocyclic compounds
Homocyclic compounds are ring structures made up of only carbon in the ring and hydrogen
atoms. Examples of homocyclic aromatic compounds are Benzene, Toluene.

Heterocyclic compounds
Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds with a ring structure
that contains in the cycle at least one carbon atom and at least one
other element, such as N, O, or S. The most common cycles contain five
or six atoms, with the stability of these rings being higher than that of
three, four, seven, or larger rings.
Alicyclic compounds
• Alicyclic compounds are organic compounds that are both aliphatic
and cyclic. These are the saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons
containing non-aromatic rings of carbon atoms. Alicyclic compounds
may have one or more aliphatic side chains attached.
• Aromatic compounds
• aromatic compounds are chemical compounds that consist of
conjugated planar ring systems accompanied by delocalized pi-
electron clouds in place of individual alternating double and single
bonds. They are also called aromatics or arenes. The best examples
are toluene and benzene.
Aromatic compounds
Open chain compounds
Branched chain compounds
Cyclic compounds
Homocyclic compounds
Heterocyclic compounds
Alicyclic compounds
Aromatic hydrocarbon