OG 202 Power Control Issue1.4

Internal
Power Control
ISSUE 1.4 www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Power control overview
Chapter 2 HWⅠpower control
Chapter 3 HWⅡpower control
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

Power Control Overview
 Power control
 Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when

needed.
 Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
 Purpose
 Save the power of BTS and MS;

 Reduce the interference of the network;
 Increase the quality of the network.

 Power control includes uplink power control and downlink

power control, Which are performed independently
 Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS
receive stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and
adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption
of MS.
 Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS
receive stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and
adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption
of BTS.

 Process of power control commands
 It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from

command sending to execution.
BTS sends the command for power SACCCH report period: BTS receives the
control and TA in SACCH header. 26X4=104 frames (480ms) measurement report
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
MS begins to send the

In the 26 multi-frames, MS adopts the new
measurement report of the
frame 12 sends power level and TA
last multi-frame.
SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

block to report the new TA and power control
message.

 Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control
Measurement
report pre-
processing
Yes
Power control algorithm

selection
GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

algorithm algorithm algorithm

 Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or

HWII algorithm
 Power control algorithm selected in power control data table
 Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement
report pre-processing item which can be selected in
handover control data table
 MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing):
This switch decide where power control be processed. If
measurement report pre-processing is “yes”, power control
is processed in BTS, and when setting it “no”, power control
is processed in BSC.


HW I Power Control
 HW I power control
 Process of HW I power control

 MR pre-processing
 Data configuration for HW I power control
 comparison of uplink power control with downlink power
control

HW I Power Control
 Process of HW I power control
Measurement report
pre-processing
Aim achieved ?
Y
Power control calculation and

adjustment

HW I Power Control
 Original data of power control -- measurement report
Uplink MR
BTS Network
Downlink
measurement
report

HW I Power Control
 Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report

HW I Power Control
 Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation
 Each measurement report has a serial number. When the

serial numbers are discontinuous, this indicates that some
measurement reports must be missed. In this case, the
network will fill up the measurement report according to
interpolation algorithm. Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR
MR MR MR
Measurement report Measurement report

serial number n+4
serial number n
3 missing measurement reports

HW I Power Control
 Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering
 Calculate average results of several consecutive

measurement reports to obtain the current information,
reduce the influence of some abnormal measurement
reports for the judgment of power control.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR MR
MR MR
MR
Filter

HW I Power Control
 HW I power control data configuration and parameter

introduction
[BTS power control table]

Parameter Meaning Value Recommende
name range d value
DL RX_LEV The expected signal level of MS in stable status, Expected 0～63 35
Expected stable downlink signal level > downlink edge HO threshold，
Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused.
DL RX_LEV The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 0～100％ 80％
Compensati adjustment value caused by power level equal to the difference (signal ex-signal
on between the expected signal level and the actual receiving rx)*80%=adjust
signal level multiply this factor. ment value
DL Qual. Expected signal quality of MS in stable status. 0 ～ 7 1
Expected Levels
DL The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 0～100％ 20％
Qual.Comp adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to [10*(quality
ensation 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the RX-quality
actual receiving signal quality level multiply this factor. EX)*20%]
MAX PC maximum adjustment range in one BTS power control Levels 8
Step command 0~16,
2dB each
step

HW I Power Control
[BTS power control table]

Parameter Meaning Value Recommende
name range d value
BTS PC Time interval for implementing two power control commands 1～10 5
Period (unit count of SACCH period)
Filter length Content: indicating the number of measurement reports in 1～32 5
for DL which the average of uplink signal strength is taken before MS
RX_LEV power adjustment at stable stage. The purpose is to remove
the influence of some abnormal reports. When the filter length
is too long, the influence due to abnormal reports will be
weakened, but the MS power adjustment is not timely.
BTS Min Indicating the minimum transmitting power value supported by 0~36 4
power the BTS
BTS Max Indicating the maximum transmitting power value supported 0~56 According to
power by the BTS. BTS type

HW I Power Control
[MS power control data table]
Parameter Meaning Value range Recom-
name mended
value
initial The expected BTS receiving signal level in the initial stage 0~63dBm 30
RX_LEV when MS access the network.
expected
Stable The expected BTS receiving signal level in stable status. 0~63dBm 30
EX_LEV Expected stable signal level > uplink margin HO threshold
Expected (HO parameter). Otherwise, “ping-pang” HO will be caused.
UL RX_LEV Give an adjustment for the power control level value, the 0~100％ 80％
compensati actual power level value MS should change is the result of
on this parameter multiply the difference between the expected
uplink signal level and the actual BTS receiving signal level.
UL Qual. The expected BTS receiving signal quality in stable status.
Expected
UL Qual. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 0～100％ 20％
compensat adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to
ion 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and
the actual receiving signal quality level times this factor.
Max PC The maximum level of MS power that can be dynamically Level 1~16, 8
step adjusted. 2dB/level.

HW I Power Control
[MS power control table]

Parameter name Meaning Value Value
range recommen
ded
PC interval Time interval between the implementations of two 0~30 5
power control algorithms; unit: SACCH period
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports 1~32 2

Initial RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the
initial stage. Unit: Measurement reports
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports 1-31 5

stable RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the
stable power control stage. Unit: Measurement
reports
Filter length for This is the number of the measurement reports 1~30 6
Qual. required for assessing signal quality at the stable
stage. Unit: Number of measurement reports

HW I Power Control
 HW I power control judgment
 The adjustment on the current output power=(Expected sig

nal strength in stable status - strength of signal currently rec
eived) * up (down) link compensating factor +[quality of upli
nk(downlink) currently received - expected uplink(downlink)
quality]*10* uplink(downlink) quality compensating factor
 The final adjustment power level should be no more than th
e maximum power control step size, the formula for stable l
evel is: stable level = currently level + the adjustment value
on current out put power

HW I Power Control
 Power control will not occur in case of these three conditions
 Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I

power control), or level and quality are within threshold
band(HW II power control)
 Adjusting range less than error tolerance
 Adjusting range less than minimum power control step

HW I Power Control
 HW I power control judgment
 Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the

error tolerance table according to the current transmitting
power level. Adjustment will not be done if the power
adjustment value is less than the error tolerance value.
 Error tolerance table for 900M and 1800M is as follows:
1800M:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Level
Error tolerance 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2
900M
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Level
Error tolerance 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6

HW I Power Control
 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
 Similarity:
− 1. To avoid frequently changes of signal level, the PC
interval time between the two consecutive uplink and
downlink power control are limited.
− 2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports,
all measurement reports should be filtered.
− 3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include
level-specific and quality-specific power controls.
− 4. Both uplink and downlink power controls have
maximum power control step size limit and
compensating factor.

HW I Power Control
 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
 Differentia:
− 1. Including power control for the stable status, MS also
has power control when MS access the network, thus to
reduce transmitting power of MS as soon as possible.
− 2. For uplink, precautions are ready for increase MS
transmitting power in case HO fails.
− 3. For downlink, there are maximum and minimum
transmitting power limits in power control data
configuration.

HW I Power Control
 HW I power control exercise
 Given conditions:
− 900M MS transmitting at the maximum power, uplink rec
eiving level of the 900M BTS is –60dBm, uplink quality l
evel is always 0.
− Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power contr
ol table] is as follows – “stable RX_LEV Expected” is 35,
“UL RX_LEV Compensation” is 80, “UL Qual. expected ”
is 1, and “UL Qual. compensation” is 20, and the max. P
C step is 16dB.

Exercise
 Question:
− 1. Suppose that power control will no longer be done
once the power value to be adjusted is less than 2dB,
what is the approximate stable power value after power
control with the above data configuration?
− 2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the
initial MS transmitting power is level 3, what is the
maximum uplink receiving level in stable status after
power control?

Exercise
 Answers for question 1:

− Stable level = current actual level + [(expected signal intensity in sta
ble status – current actual level) * uplink path loss compensating fact
or] + [actual current quality – expected uplink signal quality) * 10 * u
plink quality compensating factor] = -60+[(-75-(-60))*80 ％ ]+[(0-1)*1
0*20 ％ ] = -60-12-2 ＝ -74dBm. Now it’s necessary to adjust -14d
B (no larger than the maximum power control step size), but it needs
further adjustment because it fails to reach -75dBm, the “expected si
gnal level in stable status”. Use -74 in the above formula again for c
alculation, and the power to be adjusted is -2.8dB. Because no pow
er control adjustment will be done when the power value to be adjust
ed is smaller than -2, it still needs to be changed 2dB lower, so the u
plink receiving level is -76dBm at last.

Exercise
 Answers for question 2:

− Query the error tolerance table, the tolerance of level 3
is 4dB, the power to be adjusted for the second time is
2.8, which is less than 4 and up to the requirement, so
the final uplink receiving level is -74dBm in stable
status.


HW I I Power Control
 HW I I power control
 Power control algorithm implementation

 Main feature of HW I I Power control

 Power control judgment process
Measurement report pre-

processing
The power control demand

according to the receiving
level
The power control

demand according to
receiving quality
General power control

judgement
Send the power control

command

 Power control demand based on receiving level.

 After measurement report pre-processing, the power control
module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.
 Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be
adjusted, making the receiving level value closer to the
expected value.
 Adopt variable step size when adjusting the transmitting
power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the
expected level as soon as possible.

 Power control demand based on receiving quality
 After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes comparison between the expected quality
level and the current receiving quality level.
 Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be
adjusted.
 Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving
quality
 Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving
quality
 Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power
according to the receiving quality.

 General power control judgment
Power control by receiving Power control by receiving Power control by signal level
level quality and quality
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓
max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul No action
↓ AdjStep_Lev No action ↓ AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↑AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑
max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↑AdjStep_Lev No action ↑AdjStep_Lev
No action ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ AdjStep_Qul
No action ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ AdjStep_Qul
No action No action No action

 HW I I power control
 Power control algorithm implementation

 Main feature of HW I I Power control

HW II Power Control
 HW II power control has the following advantages:
 Measurement report compensation -- makes power control

judgment more accurate
 Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control
later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor
level or bad quality
 Power control expected signal level and quality threshold
falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level
fluctuate up and down frequently

HW II Power Control
 Measurement report compensation
 Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement

report before filtering.
 Implementation steps:
− 1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the
measurement report compensation queue.
− 2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power
according to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement
report.
− 3.After finish the measurement report compensation, system will
compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report
according to the power change information. The compensated
measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process.
− 4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.

HW II Power Control
 Measurement report compensation
Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation

70
60 Diagram when there is no power control
Power control diagram when there is

50 measurement report compensation
Y axis
40
Power control diagram when there is no
measurement report compensation
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
19
22
35
36
38
41
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
39
40
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
X axis
The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control will be more effective with measurement report
compensation.

HW II Power Control
 Measurement report prediction
 Purpose
− to avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in
case of poor level or bad quality
 Implementation procedure
− 1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.
− 2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement
report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on OMC.
− 3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement
reports, and implement power control judgment.

HW II Power Control
 Measurement report prediction
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
50
45
40 No power control
Y axis
35 Mean filter power

control
30
Prediction filter power
25 control
20
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
18
26
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
37
X axis
The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with
mean filter
HW II Power Control
 Adaptive power control:
 Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control

strategy according to the communication environment, it
makes power control more effective and stable.
− Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size
of power control according to different communication
environment (different receiving quality).
− Adopt different power control strategies according to
different communication environments (different
receiving quality and level).
− Max. step is deferent between increase and decrease

HW II Power Control
 Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
 As for HW II power control in case of calculating power

control step size according to signal level and quality, the
signal level and quality have upper/lower thresholds.
Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality
is within the threshold bands.
 Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power
control.
 The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case
of bad quality

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters –1:
Parameter Value Recommen
Meaning
name range ded value
filter length
How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
for UL 1~20 6
uplink signal level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
RX_LEV
filter length How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
for DL downlink signal level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
RX_LEV adjustment.
filter length How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
1~20 6
for UL Qual. uplink quality level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
filter length
downlink quality level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
for DL Qual.
adjustment.
If “yes”, System put the currently received measurement report into
the measurement report compensation queue, and record the
MR
transmitting power information according to MS and BTS power
compensati Yes, no Yes
values. And then interpolation, compensate the receiving level
on allowed
value of the record measurement report according to the power
change information.
UL MR
The number of uplink pred. MR in the filter using for power control
number 0~3 reports 2
judgment.
predicted
DL MR
The number of downlink pred. MR in the filter using for power
number 0~3 reports 2
control judgment.
predicted

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters –2:

Parameter Meaning Value Recommended
name range value
PC interval Time between two power control command implementation 1~30 5
(SACCH
period)
UL RX_LEV This parameter specifies the uplink signal level upper threshold. 0~63 35
upper When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power
threshold decrement [=receiving level - (upper threshold + lower
threshold)/2]. This decrement value should consider together with
the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which
the receiving signal quality located.
UL RX_LEV This parameter specifies the uplink signal level lower threshold. 0~63 25
lower When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power
threshold increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level].
This increase also consider together with the maximum step size
allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal
quality located.
UL Qual. This parameter specifies the uplink quality upper threshold. Level 0
upper 0~7
threshold
UL Qual. This parameter specifies the uplink quality lower threshold for Level 2
lower power control 0~7
threshold

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters--3

Parameter Recommen
Meaning Value range
name ded value
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level upper
threshold. When the signal level higher than this value,
calculate a power decrement [=receiving level – (upper
DL RX_LEV
threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement should 0~63 40
upper threshold
consider together with the maximum step size allowed for
different quality zone which the receiving signal quality
located.
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower

threshold. When the signal level higher than this value,
DL EX_LEV calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower
0~63 30
lower threshold threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider
together with the maximum step size allowed for different
quality zone which the receiving signal quality located.
DL Qual. upper This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper

Level 0~7 0
threshold threshold for power control
DL Qual. lower This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower

Level 0~7 2
threshold threshold for power control

HW II Power Control
Parameter Meaning Value range Recommende
name d value
MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward 0~30dB 16
value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0.
zone 0
value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 1 or
zone 1 2
value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is
zone 2 equal to or more than 3.
MAX Down Adj. The adjustment step allowed for the downward 0~4dB 4
PC Value by power control due to receiving signal quality.
Qual.

HW II Power Control
name d value
MAX Up Adj. It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for 0~32dB 16
PC Value by upward power control by receive level.
RX_LEV
MAX Up Adj. It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for 0~32dB 8
PC Value by upward power control by receive quality.
Qual.
UL Qual. Bad In uplink power control, when the receiving quality 0~7 5
TrigThrsh of uplink is not less than this start threshold, the
actual "upper threshold of signal strength of uplink"
will be added with "upper threshold offset of level
when the receiving quality of uplink is poor" in the
data configuration. Thus, the expected level in
uplink power control can be increased furthermore.
UL Qual. Bad In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff not less than "start threshold when the receiving
quality of uplink is poor", the actual "upper threshold
of signal strength of uplink" will be added with this
offset value.

HW II Power Control
name d value
DL Qual. Bad In downlink power control, when the receiving 0~7 5
TrigThrsh quality of downlink is not less than this start
threshold, the actual "upper threshold of signal
strength of downlink" will be added with "upper
threshold offset of level when the receiving quality
of downlink is poor" in the data configuration. Thus,
the expected level in downlink power control can be
increased furthermore.
DL Qual. Bad In downlink power control, when the receiving 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff quality is not less than "start threshold when the
receiving quality of downlink is poor", the actual
"upper threshold of signal strength of downlink" will
be added with this offset value.

Exercise
 Exercises for HW II power control
 Given conditions:
− The uplink receiving level is -85dBm, the quality is level 4. Power
control algorithm is HW II.
− Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper
threshold: -60dBm, uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm.
Uplink signal upper quality threshold: level 0. Uplink signal lower
quality threshold: level 2. The adjustable step size of quality band
0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The
adjustable step size for power control by quality is 4dB.
 Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power
control?

Exercise
 Answer.
− First, transmitting power to be added according to receiving level =
(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal level lower thres
hold)/2-actual receiving level ＝ (-60 + (-80))/2-(-85) ＝ (-70)-(-85)
＝ 15dB. As the receiving quality is level 4, only adjustable step siz
e of quality band 2 can be used -- increase 4dB.
− Second, the transmitting power to be increased according to receivi
ng quality = as “power control adjustment step size by quality” is 4d
B, thus increase 4dB, the same as adjustment by signal level.
− Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 4
dB should be increased for adjustment either by level or by quality.

Exercise
 Answer .
− After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving
level becomes: -85dBm + 4dB=-81dBm, Suppose the quality reach
already in level 2 here, it still fails within the expected band -
80dBm~-60dBm. Therefore, it needs to be adjusted.
− First: adjust by level -- repeat the previous step: adjustment by level
= (-70) – (-81) = 11db, i.e. to increase 11dB. If the receiving quality
has been improved to level 2, and the adjustable step size with
quality band 1 is 8dB. Then, the result of adjustment by level is to
increase 8dB.
− Second: adjustment by quality--as the receiving quality value is
between 0 and 2, Needn’t adjust.
− Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level = (-81) + 8 = -73dBm.

Thank You
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ISSUE 1.4 www.huawei.com

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Chapter 2 HWⅠpower control

Chapter 3 HWⅡpower control

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 Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when

 Save the power of BTS and MS;

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 Power control includes uplink power control and downlink

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 Process of power control commands

 It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from

MS begins to send the

MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

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 Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control

Power control algorithm

GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

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 Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or

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Chapter 2 HWⅠpower control

Chapter 3 HWⅡpower control

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 Process of HW I power control

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Power control calculation and

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 Original data of power control -- measurement report

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 Each measurement report has a serial number. When the

Measurement report Measurement report

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 Calculate average results of several consecutive

Consecutive measurement report flow

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 HW I power control data configuration and parameter

[BTS power control table]

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[BTS power control table]

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[MS power control table]

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports 1~32 2

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports 1-31 5

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 HW I power control judgment

 The adjustment on the current output power=(Expected sig

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 Power control will not occur in case of these three conditions

 Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I

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 HW I power control judgment

 Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the

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 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .

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 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .

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 HW I power control exercise

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 HW I power control exercise