WHAT IS OZONE?

 O3
 A gas composed of three atoms of oxygen
 Bluish gas that is harmful to breathe.
 Nearly 90% of earth’s ozone is in the
stratosphere and referred to as the ozone
layer.
 Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation
called UVB.
 Ozone Layer
• The ozone layer refers to a region of Earth's
stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's UV
radiation.
• It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3)
relative to other parts of the atmosphere.
• The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower
portion of the stratosphere.
• The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the
French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.
 Ozone Depletion
 Ozone depletion describes two phenomena : a
steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total
volume of ozone in Earth's stratosphere,the ozone
hole.
 catalytic destruction of ozone is by atomic halogens.
The main source of these halogen atoms is
halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and
foam-blowing agents (HCFCs, freons, halons).
 CFCs and other contributory substances are referred
to as ozone- depleting substances (ODS).
 Ozone Cycle Overview
 three forms of oxygen are involved in the ozone-
oxygen cycle: oxygen atoms, oxygen gas, and ozone
gas.
 chlorine ion (Cl·) and atomic bromine ion (Br·) are
the ions which are most harmful for the ozone layer.
These elements are found in certain stable organic
compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons, which
may find their way to the stratosphere without
being destroyed in the troposphere due to their low
reactivity.
Observation On Ozone Layer Depletion
 The most pronounced decrease in ozone has
been in the lower stratosphere.
 Marked decreases in column ozone have been
observed using instruments such as the Total
Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
 polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) form more
readily in the extreme cold of the Arctic and
Antarctic stratosphere. So , ozone holes first
formed, and are deeper, over Antarctica.
 Cfcs And Other Related Compounds

 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other

halogenated ozone depleting substances
(ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made
chemical ozone depletion.
 The total amount of effective halogens
(chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere can
be calculated and are known as the equivalent
effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC)
 Computer Modeling
• Scientists have been increasingly able to
attribute the observed ozone depletion to the
increase of man-made halogen compounds
from CFCs by the use of complex chemistry
transport models and their validation against
observational data
 Ozone hole and its causes
• The primary cause of ozone depletion is the
presence of chlorine-containing source gases
(primarily CFCs and related halocarbons).
• Most of the ozone that is destroyed is in the
lower stratosphere, in contrast to the much
smaller ozone depletion through
homogeneous gas phase reactions, which
occurs primarily in the upper stratosphere.
 Interest In Ozone Depletion
• The decrease in the ozone layer was predicted in
the early 1980s to be roughly 7% over a 60-year
period.
• The sudden recognition in 1985 that there was a
substantial "hole" was widely reported in the press.
• Many of those unsure about what the ozone hole
was and what caused it were worried that ozone
holes might start appearing over other areas of the
globe.
 Interest In Ozone Depletion
• If the conditions become more severe global
ozone may decrease at a much greater pace.
• When the Antarctic ozone hole breaks up, the
ozone depleted air drifts out into nearby areas
 Consequence of ozone depletion
 Increased UV
 Effect on human health
 Effects on non human animals
 Crop production is affected
 Ozone depletion and globle warming
• Five areas of linkage between ozone layer and global warming
• The same CO2 radiative forcing that produces global warming
is expected to cool the stratosphere.
• This cooling, in turn, is expected to produce a relative
increase in ozone (O3) depletion in polar area and the
frequency of ozone holes.
• Conversely, There are two opposing effects: Reduced ozone
causes the stratosphere to absorb less solar radiation, the
resulting colder stratosphere emits less long-wave radiation
downward, thus cooling the troposphere. Overall, the cooling
dominates
 Ozone depletion and globle warming
• One of the strongest predictions of the greenhouse effect is that
the stratosphere will cool.
• Although this cooling has been observed, it is not trivial to
separate the effects of changes in the concentration of
greenhouse gases and ozone depletion since both lead to cooling.
ozone depleting chemicals are also often greenhouse gases.
• The increases in these chemicals have produced 14% of the total
radiative forcing from increases in the concentrations of well-
mixed greenhouse gases.
• The long term modeling of the process, its measurement, study,
design of theories and testing take decades to document, gain
wide acceptance, and ultimately become the dominant paradigm.
 Wold ozon day
• n 1994, the United Nations General Assembly
voted to designate September 16 as "World
Ozone Day", to commemorate the signing of
the Montreal Protocol on that date in 1987.
• https://www.britannica.com/science/ozone-la
yer
• https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone_en
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer