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Lec Groundwater - Control DR AJK
Lec Groundwater - Control DR AJK
CONTROL DURING
CONSTRUCTION
CE885- GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION
Temporary exclusion
– Simple Sump Pumping
– Jetted Sumps
– Wellpoint Systems
Ground Water Control
Wellpoint systems
– This is a method of lowering the water table to a
position below the formation level to give a dry
working area.
– Jetting into the subsoil a series of wellpoints
which are connected to a common header pipe
which then connected to a vacuum pump.
– Commonly use in trench excavation.
– If the proposed formation level is below the
suction lift capacity of the pump a multi-stage
system can be employed.
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control
Permanent exclusion
– Thin Grouted Membranes
– Contiguous Piling
– Diaphragm Wall
– Precast Concrete Diaphragm Walls
– Grouting Methods
– Ground Freezing Techniques
Ground Water Control
Contiguous Piling
– Forms a permanent structural wall of interlocking
bored piles.
– Alternate piles are bored and cast by traditional
methods after which the interlocking piles are
bored using a special auger or cutter.
– Suitable for most types of subsoil and has the
main advantages of being economical on small
and confined sites; capable of being formed close
to existing foundations and can be installed with
the minimum of vibration and noise.
Ground Water Control
Contiguous Piling
– To ensure a complete interlock of all piles over
the entire length may be difficult therefore the
exposed face of the piles is usually covered with a
mesh or similar fabric and face with rendering or
sprayed concrete.
– Suitable for structures such as basements, road
underpasses and underground car parks.
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control
Diaphragm Wall
– Are structural concrete walls which can be cast in-
situ or using pre-cast concrete methods.
– Suitable for most subsoil and their installation
generates only a small amount of vibration and
noise.
– The high cost of these walls makes them
uneconomic unless they can be incorporated into
the finished structure.
– Normally use for basements, underground
carparks and similar structures.
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control
Grouting Methods
– Are used to form a curtain or cut-off wall in high
permeability soils where pumping methods could
be uneconomic.
– The curtain walls formed by grouting methods are
non-structural therefore adequate earth support
will be required and in some cases this will be a
distance of at least 4m from the face of proposed
excavation.
Ground Water Control
Grouting Methods
– Grout mixtures are injected into the soil by pumping
the grout at high pressure through special injection
pipes inserted in the ground.
– The pattern and spacing of the injection pipes will
depend on the grout type and soil conditions.
– Grout types:
Cement grouts
Chemical grouts
Resin grouts
Ground Water Control
Ground Water Control