Literature in

the Age of
Apprenticeship
 AGE OF APPRENTICESHIP
-The period of 1910 to 1935 is generally called the
period of apprenticeship or imitation.
-Virginia R. Moreno, in her “A Critical Study of the
Shorty Story in English Written by Filipinos,”
describes the years 1910-1925 “as a period of novices
with their exercises in fiction-making and the rise of
the new language.
 PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
 After the Spanish colonial era, the country was soon
colonized by the American (1898-1945).
 Free education and the English language.
 Common masses are given more opportunities to
elevate their status.
 Proper education and participate in government and
society.
 Adapted the American culture.
 PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
 The story of discord among characters and the
conflict between man and his circumstance is
a commonly-featured theme.
 It is also reflected the Filipino’s struggle for
freedom and sovereignty against a colonizer.
 LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
 Philippine literature flourished despite the
efforts of the Americans to squelch Filipino
writers
 Short story become the most favored literary
form of most Filipino writers in both English
and Filipino
 LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
 Filipino writers imitated American literary style and
models.
 University of the Philippines founded in 1908,
became the breeding ground of an elite group of
writers of Philippine literature in English.
 Filipino writers still wrote about Filipino identity,
culture and social realities.
 LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
 The story of discord among characters and the
conflict between man and his circumstance is
a commonly-featured theme.
 It is also reflected the Filipino’s struggle for
freedom and sovereignty against a colonizer.
FEATURES OF LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD
OF APPRENTICESHIP

01 03
HUMAN
FICTIO 02 EXPERIEN
CE
Non
Based MAINLY
Classic themes such as
poverty, lamentations
romantic tales of IMITATED
Plots and theme were on the conditions of the
the past with country, identity and
imitated from American
legendary figures nostalgia
and other resource
PROMINENT WRITERS IN THE PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
Icasiano Calalang
Artoro Rotor
Lydia Villanueva
Manuel Arguilla
Hernando Ocampo
Sinai Himanda
Paz Marquez Benitez
“How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife”
 FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS!
1. What is the term for the time when Filipino writers imitate
the works of American writers?
2. Why is period called apprenticeship Philippine literature?
3. What medium was used in literature during the American
colonial?
4. In what year is the period of Apprenticeship?
5. Who is the Author of “How My Brother Leon Brought
Home a Wife?
6. What do you think is the central message of the story?
7. What is the dominant factor of influence present in the story
“How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife?