Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Evolution of Fishes
Evolution of Fishes
• Add jaws
• Strengthen internal
skeleton
Adding jaws
Symmetrical = lungfish
Assymetrical =
crossopterygians (extinct)
And coelacanth – marine living
Primitive: heterocercal tail
Head and
shoulder armor
Primitive bony fish = Amia
fairly solid outer skull.
Primitive = ganoid =
bone and enamel form
a tile mosaic- solid.
Cycloid, ctenoid =
reduced = thin, light
weight.
Material of the internal skeleton
Old view – since cartilage replaced by bone, cart fish are older, gave rise
to bony fish
New view – Placoderms, with external bony armor and internal cartilage,
arise from Agnatha –
So
Placoderms = armored = ancestral
Notochord – jelly filled,
hydrostatic skeleton
Chondrocytes
cartilage
Matrix of collagen
Haversian system
Haversian canal
Osteocyte (lacunae, space where cell is)
Canaliculi
Matrix is hydroxyapatite + collagen
Typical bone
Origin of bone by replacement of cartilage
Origin of intermembranous bone = direct ossification in tissue, no
cartilage precursor
Fish- placoid scale