Metals and Alloys

First Semester 2011/2012

Lecture 4
13.09.2011

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses

Last Lecture:
Types of alloys.

Distribution of the atoms in the alloys.

Properties of the alloys. Minor and major changes.

Binary, ternary, quantary alloys: Gold as an example

What does Karat mean? Why it is called Karat?

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 2
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Types of Metal Alloys
Contain iron as Iron as an
a major metal alloying
Metal alloys element

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 3
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Types of Cast irons

What is the different of Cast iron and steel in terms of

their compositions?

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 4
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Nonferrous alloys:
Light weight metals and their alloys

1) Aluminum and its alloys

2) Magnesium and its alloys
3) Titanium and its alloys

Why they are called light weight alloys?

When we can use Al, Mg, or Ti alloys?

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 5
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Alloy Designation (Cast & Wrought)
• Aluminum alloys are classified as either cast or wrought alloys.
• Composition is designated by a 4 digit number that specifies
the major alloying element.
Alloy Principal Alloying Element Alloy Principal Alloying Element
Series Cast Series Wrought
1xx.x minimum 99.000% Aluminum 1xxx Minimum 99.000% Aluminum
2xx.x Copper 2xxx Copper
3xx.x Silicon +Copper and/or Magnesium 3xxx Manganese
4xx.x Silicon 4xxx Silicon
5xx.x Magnesium 5xxx Magnesium
6xx.x Unused Series 6xxx Magnesium and Silicon
7xx.x Zinc 7xxx Zinc
8xx.x Tin 8xxx Other Elements
9xx.x Other Elements

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 6
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
1xx.x aluminum
Chemical compositions of some cast alloys

150.0
means minimum 99.50% of aluminum in the cast alloy

120.1
means minimum 99.20% of aluminum in the ingot alloy

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 7
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Aluminum is a very light metal with a density of 2.7 g/cm3,
its density is about one third that of steel.

10 Kg of iron 10 Kg of aluminum

For example, the use of aluminum in vehicles reduces

weight and energy consumption while increasing load
capacity.

Its strength can be adapted to the application required by

modifying the composition of its alloys.
Dr. Tarek Abu Leil
13.09.2011 8
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Aluminum naturally generates a protective oxide coating
and therefore it is a highly corrosion resistant metal.

It is particularly useful for applications where protection and

conservation are required.

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 9
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Pure aluminum is soft, ductile, corrosion resistant and has
a high electrical conductivity.

It is widely used for conductor cables, but alloying with

other elements is necessary to provide the higher strengths
needed for other applications.

This cable also delivers high corrosion

resistance

Aluminum alloy conductor cable offers

good performance due to the high
strength-to-weight ratio.
Dr. Tarek Abu Leil
13.09.2011 10
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Aluminum is one of the lightest engineering metals, having
a strength to weight ratio superior to steel.
(What about magnesium?)

By utilizing various combinations of its advantageous

properties such as strength, lightness, corrosion resistance,
recyclability and formability.

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 11
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
Aluminum is being employed in an ever-increasing number
of applications.

This series of products ranges from structural materials

through to thin packaging foils.

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 12
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses

Aluminium and its alloys are used for parts such as:
engine blocks,
wheels, brake and
increasingly for chassis and body panels.

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 13
Metals and alloys
 Alloys:
Composition, properties, and uses
The transport industry consumes nearly a quarter of all
aluminum produced.
Aluminum is used not only in land-based transport forms such
as cars, trucks and trains, but also bicycles, aerospace, ships and
boats.

What about Mg and Ti in Automobile and Aerospace industries.

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil
13.09.2011 14
Metals and alloys
 Next Lecture

Extractive metallurgy of iron

Production of Iron
Production of steel

Dr. Tarek Abu Leil

13.09.2011 15
Metals and alloys