ROOF AND FLOOR SLABS

Roof and Floor components

• The different types of floors used in steel-framed
buildings are as follows:

• a) Concrete slabs supported by open-web joists

• b) One-way and two-way reinforced concrete slabs

supported on steel beams

• c) Concrete slab and steel beam composite floors

• d) Precast concrete slab floors.

Concrete slabs supported with open-web joists

• Steel forms or decks are usually attached to the joists by welding and

concrete slabs are poured on top.

• This is one of the lightest types of concrete floors. For structures with

light loading, this type is economical.

Cont.,
One-way and two-way reinforced concrete slabs

• These are much heavier than most of the newer light weight floor
systems and they take more time to construct, thus negating the
advantage of speed inherent in steel construction.

• This floor system is adopted for heavy loads. One way slabs are used
when the longitudinal span is two or more times the short span.
Cont.,
• In one-way slabs, the short span direction is the direction in which loads get transferred
from slab to the beams. Hence the main reinforcing bars are provided along this direction.

• However, temperature, shrinkage and distribution steel is provided along the longer
direction.

• The two-way concrete slab is used when aspect ratio of the slab i.e. longitudinal
span/transverse span is less than 2 and the slab is supported along all four edges.

• The main reinforcement runs in both the directions. A typical cross-section of a one-way
slab
Composite floors with a reinforced concrete slab and
steel beams

• Composite floors have steel beams bonded with concrete slab in such a way that both of them

act as a unit in resisting the total loads.

• The sizes of steel beams are significantly smaller in composite floors, because the slab acts as an

integral part of the beam in compression.

• The composite floors require less steel tonnage in the structure and also result in reduction of
total floor depth.

• These advantages are achieved by utilizing the compressive strength of concrete by keeping all
or nearly all of the concrete in compression and at the same time utilizes a large percentage of
Cont.,
 Other Precast concrete floors
• Precast concrete floors offer speedy erection and require only minimal
formwork.

• Light-weight aggregates are generally used in the concrete, making the

elements light and easy to handle.

• It is necessary to use cast in place mortar topping of 25 to 50 mm before

installing other floor coverings.
Cont.,
• Larger capacity cranes are required for this type of construction
when compared with those required for profiled decking.
 Roof and Floor components
 Waffle slab
 Ribbed slab
 Roof slab with cavities
Waffle slab

 Width of the unit ranges from 1m to 3m

 Span range from 5m to 12m
 Longitudinal ribs ranges from 20cm to 65cm and transverse beam
ranges from 15cm to 30cm
 Transverse beam cast first and the longitudinal beam attached by
welding later.
Ribbed slab

1. Channel units
2. T and TT units

Channel slab or trough slab

 Same to waffle slab, only difference is wont have any transverse rib
 Width of the unit is 0.6 to 1.2m
 thickness is 4 to 6cm

‘T’ slab and ‘TT’ slab

 1.2 to 2.4m wide and thickness ranges from 4 to 12cm

 Span ranges from 12 to 24m.
 T units are joined together by welding or by wet concreting
Slab with cavities

 Only advantage is reduction in dean load.

 Width ranges from 1.5 to 2m and span ranges from 3 to 7m.
 Mostly these are pre stressed one.
 Different type of cavities such as oval, helical, square are available
Manufacturing-Roof and Floor components
1. Preparation of aggregates

 Raw materials comprise aggregate, cement and reinforcement

2. Production methods

 Either factory or site

 If its in a factory
• Assembly line production
• Stationary mould production
• Moulds are fixed in a position (widely used)
3. Moulds for roof and floor slab

Moulds should fulfill the following requirements,

• They should be volumetrically stable in order to produce dimensionally accurate units.

• Re-usable a large number of times and easy to handle.
• Transportable for assembly line production or on-site production.
• Suitable for manufacture of several different shapes.

Type of mould
 Steel mould
 Timber mould

4. equipment for slab

 Pre-stressing or post tensioning

 Concreting
Compacted by vibration to avoid segregation

 Curing
 Steam curing
 Heat treatment

 De-moulding

 Stacking in the storage yard