Information Systems

AICT002-4-1-Information Systems (version1)

Information Systems (IS)

Development
 Topic & Structure of The Lesson

• Business process
• What initiates the system development
cycle
• Guidelines for System Development
• SDLC
– Define System (Planning)
– Determine Requirements (Analysis)
– Design System Components (Design)
– System Implementation (Implementation)

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 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, YOU should be able to:

• Understanding System Development Life Cycle.

• Consider guidelines for system development.
• Understanding the importance of Project
Management, feasibility assessment, documentation
and data gathering (Fact-Finding) techniques.
• Understanding the phases of SDLC.
• Understanding in details all activities that occur during
the entire system development life cycle.
• Discussing and elaborating the.

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 Key Terms You Must Be Able To
Use
• If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following
terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

• Project management
• Feasibility
• Documentation
• System analyst
• Planning phase
• Analysis phase
• Design phase
• Implementation phase

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 Introduction

Prior understand SDLC student need to recognize

Project Management Project Team System analyst

Data & Information

Gathering Techniques Feasibility Documentation

Collection and
summarization
of data and information
Measure of how suitable
system development will  Includes reports,
be to the company diagrams,
programs, and other
AICT002-4-1-Information Systems Information Systems (IS) Development
deliverables
Slide 5 of 35
 Introduction
Prior understand SDLC student need to recognize
project team project systems analyst
Responsible for
designing and developing management Formed to work on
information system Process of project from beginning to end
planning,
Liaison between users and scheduling, and Consists of users, systems
IT professionals controlling analyst, and other
activities during IT professionals
Data & Information system
Project leader—one member
Gathering Techniques development
of the team who
 Review documentation cycle manages and controls project
 Observe budget and schedule
 Questionnaire
 Interview project management software
 Joint-application Program (such as Microsoft Office Project
design (JAD) session 2003) used by project leaders to plan, schedule,
 Research and control projects
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 Business Process

• Network of activities or a series of activities,

repositories, roles, resources, and data flows that
interact to accomplish a business function
• Examples:
o Marking exam
o Taking attendance
o Selling car
o Printing receipt
o Create invoice

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 The relationship of Business
Process and Information Systems

• Business processes, information systems have

different characteristics and components.

• Relationship of business processes to

information systems is many-to-many
 A business process need not relate to any
IS, but IS relates to at least one business
process

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 System Development Life Cycle?

SDLC is:
• Traditional process that need to be performed
successfully in building and maintaining IS
• Serves as a framework for developing an IS or
project
• Series of well-defined phases performed in
sequence
• Each phase’s output becomes the input for the
next phase
• Suitable for an IS that needs to be designed
from scratch
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 System Development Life Cycle?

The phases in the SDLC are:

• Define System (Planning)
• Determine Requirements (Analysis)
• Design System Components (Design)
• System Implementation (Implementation)
• Maintain System (Maintenance)

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 System Development Life Cycle
• What are the phases of the system
development cycle?
Phase 2. Analysis
Phase 1. Planning  Conduct preliminary investigation
 Perform detailed analysis activities: Phase 3. Design
 Review project requests
Study current system  Acquire hardware
 Prioritize project
Determine user requirements and software, if
requests
Recommend solution necessary
 Allocate resources  Develop details of
 Form project system
development team

Phase 5. Operating, Support, and Phase 4. Implementation

Security  Develop programs, if necessary
 Perform maintenance activities  Install and test new system
 Monitor system performance  Train users
 Assess system security  Convert to new system

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 System Development Life Cycle

• Who
participates in
the system
development
life cycle?

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 System Development Life Cycle?

Guidelines for System Development

Arrange tasks into phases
(groups of activities)

Involve users (anyone for whom

system is being built)

Develop clearly defined standards (procedures

company expects employees to follow)

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 What Initiates the System Development
Cycle?
• What are some reasons to create or modify
an information system?

To correct problem To improve

in existing system existing system

Outside group may Competition can

mandate change lead to change

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 What Initiates the System Development
Cycle?
• What is a request for system services?
 Formal request for
new or modified
information system
 Also called
project request

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 Planning Phase
• What is the planning phase?
Begins when steering committee receives project request

Steering
committee—
decision-making
body for the
company

Function of committee:

Form project
Review and development
Prioritize Allocate
approve project team for each
project requests resources
requests approved
project

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 Analysis Phase
• What is the analysis phase?
Conduct preliminary Perform detailed
investigation, also analysis
called feasibility
study

• What is the preliminary investigation?

 Determine exact nature of problem or improvement
and whether it is worth pursuing

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 Analysis Phase

• What is detailed analysis?

1. Study how current system
works

2. Determine user’s wants, needs,

and requirements

3. Recommend solution

Sometimes called logical design

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 Analysis Phase
• What is the
system proposal? Assesses
Assesses
feasibility
feasibility
of each
of each
alternative
alternative
solution
solution

Presented toto
Presented
Recommends
Recommen steering
steering
dsthethemost
most committee,
feasible committee,
feasible which decides
decides
solution for which
solution for how system will
the project how system
the project be developed
will be
developed

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 Design Phase
• What is the design phase?
Develop all details of new
Acquire hardware and software or modified information
system

• What is needed to acquire new hardware and

software?
 Identify all hardware and software requirements of new or
modified system

Identify technical Solicit vendor

specifications proposals

Test and evaluate

vendor proposals Make a decision
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 Design Phase
• What is a detailed design?

Detailed design specifications for components in proposed solution

Sometimes called
physical design

Includes several activities

Database Input and Program

design output design design

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 Design Phase

• What is a mockup? • What is a layout chart?

 Sample of input  Input or output that
or output that contains programming-
contains actual like notations for data
data items

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 Design Phase
• What is a prototype?

Working model of
proposed system

Beginning a prototype
too early may lead to
problems

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 Design Phase
• What is computer-aided software
engineering (CASE)?
 Software tools designed to support activities of system
development cycle
Project repository—Stores
diagrams, specifications, Graphics—Enables drawing Prototyping—Creates models
descriptions, programs, and of diagrams of proposed system
other deliverables

Code generators—Create
Quality assurance—Analyzes
actual computer programs
deliverables for accuracy
from design specifications

Housekeeping—Establishes
user accounts and provides
backup and recovery
functions
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 Design Phase

• What is an inspection?

Step-by-step review by Used to review detailed

project team and users design specifications
of any system development before they are given
cycle deliverable to programming team

Used throughout entire

Identifies any errors
system development
and allows IT personnel
cycle to review a variety
to correct them
of deliverables

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 Implementation Phase
• What is the implementation phase?
 Purpose is to construct, or build, new or modified
system and then deliver it to users
Convert to new system

Train users

Install and test new system

Develop programs

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 Implementation Phase
• What is the program development
cycle?
Analyze
requirements
 Programmers write
Document Design
programs from solution solution
specifications
 Follows six steps
Test Validate
solution design

Implement
design

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 Implementation Phase
• What are the four types of tests
performed by system developers?

Unit Test Systems test

Verifies each Verifies all programs

individual program in application work
works by itself together

Integration Test Acceptance Test

Verifies application Verifies the new

works with other system works with
applications actual data

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 Implementation Phase

• What is training?
 Showing users exactly • What are conversion
how they will use new strategies?
hardware and software in  Used to change from old
system system to new system

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 Operation, Support, and Security
Phase
• What is the operation, support, and security phase?
 Provides ongoing assistance after system is implemented

information system is performing according to expectations

Conduct post-implementation system review—meeting to find out if

Perform Maintenance Activities

Monitor System Performance

Assess System Security

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 Operation, Support, and Security
Phase
• What is a computer security plan?
 Summarizes in writing all of the safeguards that are in
place to protect a company’s information assets

For each risk,

Identify all
identify the
Identify all security risks
safeguards
information that may
that exist
assets of an cause an
to detect,
organization information
prevent, and
loss
recover from a loss

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 Quick Review Question

• What is business process?

• What initiates SDLC?
• What are 5 important phases in SDLC?

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 Summary of Main Teaching Points

• System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Guidelines for system development
• Project Management
• Feasibility assessment
• Documentation
• Data and information gathering techniques
• What initiates SDLC?
– Planning Phase
– Analysis Phase
– Design Phase
– Implementation Phase
– Operation, Support and Security Phase

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 Question and answer session

Q&A

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 What we will cover next

• 03 Chapter 3 IS Database Management

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