Literasi

Bahasa
Inggris
Review
Aktivitas 1 Types of Questions

Hari Ini 2 Practice

Saat ngerjain tes, gimana sih cara kamu
ngerjainnya?
A. Liat soal satu, langsung cek
teks buat jawaban

B. Baca keseluruhan teks, terus

cek soal

C. Skimming aja cepet, baru liat

soal sambil scanning
Types of
Questions
Big picture: Main idea/main
topic/purpose
Common errors Tips

1. Too narrow 1. Read actively

2. Too wide/extreme 2. Make prediction
3. Outside information 3. Extra attention to ‘some
4. Conflicts and contradiction parts’
Explicit information
Common errors Tips

1. Misplaced information 1. Eliminate new info

2. Unsupported claims 2. Look for keywords
3. Paraphrase
Implicit information
Common errors Tips

1. Misplaced information 1. No ‘reaching’

2. Unsupported claims 2. No imagination
3. Search for keywords
On 1 July, a state law took effect that protects most high school students from having to start class before
8.30am – the first law of its kind nationwide. Other states, including New York and New Jersey, are considering
similar measures for teens, who naturally want to go to bed and get up later than adults do.

Beyond the sleep deprivation, early class times may not be conducive to learning. Given the circadian rhythms,
students’ energy is “higher now at nine o’clock, 10 o’clock at night and they really are not awake until eight
o’clock” in the morning, the neurologist Beth Ann Malow says. The University of California, Berkeley, sleep expert
Matthew Walker went even further in an interview with NPR this summer. “Asking a teenager to be awake and
trying to absorb information at 8.30 in the morning in some ways is like asking an adult to wake up at 4 o’clock in
the morning with good grace, good humor, positive mood and start learning information efficiently.”

But the law, signed in 2019 by Governor Gavin Newsom,

also has its detractors. While the California State Parent
Teacher Association (PTA) supports it, several other school
associations, including the California Teachers Association
(CTA) union, oppose it.
Lower-income students in particular could be harmed by the bill, the CTA What can be inferred about the
said in a statement to the Los Angeles Times, especially those whose effect of the policy on
parents “don’t have the option of starting their workday later … We know families?
from experience that many of these parents will drop their children off at
school at the same time they do now, regardless of whether there is A. It relieves families from
supervision.” having to wake their children
early.
Then there are concerns about the impacts on after-school activities. The
B. It supports the circadian
later students get out of school, the more likely they struggle to reach an
rhythm of most children.
after-school internship on time and pick and choose between sports with
conflicting practices. C.It is unjust towards families who
come from underprivileged
background.
D.It forces lower income parents
to drop their children off early
at school.
E.It burdens teachers with extra
supervision as many children will
still be at school early.
On 1 July, a state law took effect that protects most high school students from having to start class before
8.30am – the first law of its kind nationwide. Other states, including New York and New Jersey, are considering
similar measures for teens, who naturally want to go to bed and get up later than adults do.

Beyond the sleep deprivation, early class times may not be conducive to learning. Given the circadian rhythms,
students’ energy is “higher now at nine o’clock, 10 o’clock at night and they really are not awake until eight
o’clock” in the morning, the neurologist Beth Ann Malow says. The University of California, Berkeley, sleep expert
Matthew Walker went even further in an interview with NPR this summer. “Asking a teenager to be awake and
trying to absorb information at 8.30 in the morning in some ways is like asking an adult to wake up at 4 o’clock in
the morning with good grace, good humor, positive mood and start learning information efficiently.”

But the law, signed in 2019 by Governor Gavin Newsom,

also has its detractors. While the California State Parent
Teacher Association (PTA) supports it, several other school
associations, including the California Teachers Association
(CTA) union, oppose it.
 What can we say about the
Lower-income students in particular could be harmed by the bill, the CTA
public enthusiasm for the policy?
said in a statement to the Los Angeles Times, especially those whose
parents “don’t have the option of starting their workday later … We know A. The policy, having already
from experience that many of these parents will drop their children off at taken effect, proves support from
school at the same time they do now, regardless of whether there is the majority.
supervision.”
B. The policy is mostly supported
Then there are concerns about the impacts on after-school activities. The as it is acknowledged to have
later students get out of school, the more likely they struggle to reach an more benefits.
after-school internship on time and pick and choose between sports with
conflicting practices. C. The policy has provoked
some rather mixed reactions
and opinions.

D. The policy is very

progressive, but at the same
time has to be moderated.

E. The policy is difficult to apply

for students from a certain
background.
On 1 July, a state law took effect that protects most high school students from having to start class before
8.30am – the first law of its kind nationwide. Other states, including New York and New Jersey, are considering
similar measures for teens, who naturally want to go to bed and get up later than adults do.

Beyond the sleep deprivation, early class times may not be conducive to learning. Given the circadian rhythms,
students’ energy is “higher now at nine o’clock, 10 o’clock at night and they really are not awake until eight
o’clock” in the morning, the neurologist Beth Ann Malow says. The University of California, Berkeley, sleep expert
Matthew Walker went even further in an interview with NPR this summer. “Asking a teenager to be awake and
trying to absorb information at 8.30 in the morning in some ways is like asking an adult to wake up at 4 o’clock in
the morning with good grace, good humor, positive mood and start learning information efficiently.”

But the law, signed in 2019 by Governor Gavin Newsom,

also has its detractors. While the California State Parent
Teacher Association (PTA) supports it, several other school
associations, including the California Teachers Association
(CTA) union, oppose it.
 An interview with a sleep
Lower-income students in particular could be harmed by the bill, the CTA
specialist concludes that….
said in a statement to the Los Angeles Times, especially those whose
parents “don’t have the option of starting their workday later … We know
from experience that many of these parents will drop their children off at A. teenagers start to function
school at the same time they do now, regardless of whether there is earliest at 8.30 in the morning
supervision.”
B. teenagers shouldn’t be
Then there are concerns about the impacts on after-school activities. The expected to have a good mood in
later students get out of school, the more likely they struggle to reach an the morning
after-school internship on time and pick and choose between sports with
conflicting practices.
C. as teenagers can’t wake up at
8.30, adults shouldn’t wake up at 4

D. teenagers find it hard to

function properly very early in the
morning

E. adults should not expect

teenagers to have a strict body
clock
Words in context
Common errors Tips

1. Other definitions 1. Summarize the sentence

2. Close definitions 2. Plug in options
Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It
thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral, and aesthetic
development. Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching, and training by professional teachers.
This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A
curriculum defines what students should know, understand, and be able to do as the result of education. A
teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations,
structures, and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems
can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering. This can
lead to political abuse of the system, particularly in totalitarian states and governments.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years

of formal, structured education. In general, primary
education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting
at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and
sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 7 0 % of
primary-age children are enrolled in primary education and
this proportion is rising.
 Based on the passage, the word
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary
"conduct" in line 1 means ....
education consists of the second years of formal education that occur
during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically
compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the A. manner
optional, selective tertiary, or "higher" education (e.g., university,
vocational school) for adults.
B. model

C. control

D. principle

E. management
 Strategies for Improving Vocabulary
● Read. See words being used in context.
● Check your dictionary. (Online: Onelook, Ninjawords, Thinkmap Visual
Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster)
● Use it.
● Learn new word every day.
● Diversify your reading.
Coherence
Common errors Tips

1. Still ‘one topic’ 1. Understand the main idea

2. Contains keywords from 2. Check the suitability with
previous/next next/previous sentence
sentences
(1) Our team of visual journalists--based in Singapore, New York and London--spent much of 2014
upgrading their skills to create more interactive graphics. (2) We collected data from all over the world.
(3)With steady, day-to-day progress, the department has transformed itself into a hybrid print and
digital shop. (4) And the results have been evident in the file. (5) We went from publishing just a handful
of interactive graphics in 2013 to more than 100 in 2014.

Among the notable work has been interactive graphics on the U.S. border crisis, World Cup brackets, and
Malaysian Airlines MH370. One of our graphics that tracks the sobering number of journalist deaths
worldwide has been retweeted more than 13,000 times.

(1)The team has been taking advantage of a tool built to

allow reporters and graphics editors to work from a
common spreadsheet. (2) This means reporters can
update data and edit text inside a graphic by
themselves, increasing the number of graphics we can
create and send to customers.
 The irrelevant statement in
There is always more to be done, of course, but we now have a
paragraph 2 is ….
strong suite of digital tools. Many of which we hope to put in the
hands of more text journalists. And as the team develops new skills,
you can expect to see better and more integrated graphics offerings A. sentence
1
in many more stories.

B. sentence 2

C. sentence 3

D. sentence 4

E. sentence 5
The irrelevant sentence in (1) However, while not especially serious, eating
paragraph 1 is in number onions can also cause problems for some people. (2)
…. The carbohydrates in onions may cause gas and
bloating. (3) Onions, especially if consumed raw,
A. can worsen heartburn in people who suffer from
1 chronic heartburn or gastric reflux disease. (4)
Moreover, research published in Integrative Cancer
B. 2
Therapies found that consuming fresh yellow onion
helped lessen insulin resistance.
C. 3

D. 4

E. none
Just west of Toronto last summer, startled biologists counted more than 20,000 goldfish in a single urban stormwater pond
the size of two basketball courts. And the fish, probably descended from dumped pets, were thriving numerically—some had
even grown into three-pound behemoths. Cities around North America have increasingly been building stormwater ponds in
the past 40 years to capture rain and runoff, and invasive goldfish are flourishing in thousands of them.

(1) The stormwater ponds are harsh and unstable as the oxygen is low and water levels fluctuate frequently with rainfall. (2)
Yet, goldfish have evolved a special metabolic system that can sometimes enable them to survive up to five months
without oxygen. (3) Through this destructive behavior, goldfish engineer their habitat in ways that make it worse for other
species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight. (4) This makes scientists worry that this latter ability will give
goldfish a competitive advantage over native species as global warming causes oxygen levels in lakes and rivers to
decrease.

(1) As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some prevention measures to manage them.
(2)For example, signs could be placed around ponds to advise fish owners to return unwanted pets to the store or give them
to a friend instead of dumping them. (3) Beyond this public messaging, land developers and engineers may want to
reconsider stormwater pond design to keep out goldfish and other invasive species. (4) This might include building barriers
between ponds and adjacent waterways or stocking ponds with goldfish predators such as largemouth bass, which are
already native to the areas involved.

Scientists are hoping to better understand the threat in order to protect the downstream native fish nurseries and wetlands.
Until then, all stakeholders must do their part to make sure that the goldfish don’t get into the wild.

Adapted from scientificamerican.com (with

modifications)
What is true about the invading goldfish discussed in the
text?
A. They have been invading the stormwater ponds in North America within the past 40 years.

B. Not only did the invading goldfish grow in number, some of them also grew in size.

C. Within summer last year, a stormwater pond in Toronto had accumulated about 20,000
goldfish

D. Most goldfish evolved to withstand fluctuating water levels and five months without
oxygen

E. Engineers should not populate ponds with largemouth bass to keep the goldfish
thriving
Which of the following sentences is irrelevant to paragraph
2?

A. 1 D. 4

B. 2 E. All sentences are

relevant.

C. 3
“Through this destructive behavior, goldfish engineer their habitat in ways that make it worse
for other species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight.”

Which of the following best restates the above statement?

A.Other species that catch prey depending on sunlight have their habitat torn down due to the
destructive behavior of the goldfish

B.An engineer specializing in creating habitat for goldfish often makes it worse for other species that
catch prey by sight through harmful behaviors

C.The goldfish create their habitat through destructive behavior in order to make other weaker species
not able to catch prey or get any sunlight

D.Other species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight have a harder time as goldfish design
their habitat through this harmful behavior.

E.Goldfish destructively create their habitat after making things worse for other species that catch prey
by sight or depend on sunlight.
What is the relationship between sentence (3) “Beyond this…” and (4) “This might..” in
paragraph 3?

A. Sentence (4) shows the conditions the idea in sentence (3) is

possible.

B. Sentence (4) shows possible effects of the idea stated in sentence

(3).

C. Sentence (4) provides background for the suggestion in sentence (3).

D. Sentence (4) disagrees with the possibility presented in sentence
(3).

E. Sentence (4) provides examples for the suggestion in sentence

(3).
As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some
prevention measures to manage them.

Which of the following uses the word “as” most similarly to the statement above?

A. I want to live as someone who doesn’t know how to be afraid of anyone.

B. Ten suddenly arrived home as we were leaving for the midnight screening.

C. Yuta was appointed as a member of the people's representative in N City.

D. As I expected, nobody cares about what the poor and needy think in this
country.

E. As Mark gets more popular, he has a harder time managing his

priorities.
The Business of tennis clothes has grown astoundingly in the past few years. Over 250 million dollar is
spent annually on the trapping of tennis. Apparently everyone wants to look like a pro, even though 2 0 %
of the clientele has never even played the game.

Manufactures pay the star lucrative fees for wearing the brands of clothes and wielding their racquets on
center court. Chris Evert-Lloyd, for example, was rumored to have signed a five-year contract for dolar 5
million with Ellesse, a producer of fancy, expensive tennis wear.

John McEnroe received a reported $600,000 for playing with a Dunlop racquet, $330,000 for sporting
Tacchini clothes, and $100,000 for tying his Nike tennis shoes. Obviously, in a bad year, these stars would
have made more as fashion models than as athletes.

Not only tennis players get free clothing, but also all the people involved in the game - the referees,
linespeople, ball boys and girls - are living advertisements for tennis wear producers. Where, traditionally,
conservative white clothing was required for the entire tennis coterie, changing times have seen a new
vogue in tennis outfits. Flamboyant colors, designers' nameplates, geometric figures, and bold lines
distinguish the new tennis togs from their predecessors.
A good title for this passage would
be ....
A. The Stars at Play

B. Big Business in Tennis Wear

C. The High Cost of Playing Tennis

D. Tennis Stars’ Flamboyant Clothes

E. Designers and Tennis Court

It is stated that John McEnroe
….
A. wore flamboyant clothings on the court

B. must have earned over $1 million for endorsing tennis products

C. was a fashion model more than he was a tennis player

D. had had a bad year in tennis competition

E. wore tennis clothings with geometric figures and bold lines

It can be inferred from the passage
that ....
A. tennis clothing appeals only to the wealthy

B. conservative tennis clothes don’t tend to have designer brands on it

C. the price of tennis racquets has remained stable

D. bright colors entice people to buy tennis wear

E. the tennis referees may get free clothes

The author's intention is
to ....
A. explain why the cost of tennis clothes has risen

B. defend tennis wear manufacturers from complaints about their high prices

C. describe the means of advertising expensive tennis clothes

D. describe the new tennis clothing

E. explain why tennis has become a more difficult game

Who are these stars mentioned in the text?

A. stars that use Dunlop racquets

B. stars that get endorsement from certain tennis products

C. stars that wear white clothing in the tennis

court

D. stars that have photoshoots contracts

E. stars that have changed the trend in

tennis
KUNCI JAWABAN
Just west of Toronto last summer, startled biologists counted more than 20,000 goldfish in a single urban stormwater pond
the size of two basketball courts. And the fish, probably descended from dumped pets, were thriving numerically—some had
even grown into three-pound behemoths. Cities around North America have increasingly been building stormwater ponds in
the past 40 years to capture rain and runoff, and invasive goldfish are flourishing in thousands of them.

(1) The stormwater ponds are harsh and unstable as the oxygen is low and water levels fluctuate frequently with rainfall. (2)
Yet, goldfish have evolved a special metabolic system that can sometimes enable them to survive up to five months
without oxygen. (3) Through this destructive behavior, goldfish engineer their habitat in ways that make it worse for other
species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight. (4) This makes scientists worry that this latter ability will give
goldfish a competitive advantage over native species as global warming causes oxygen levels in lakes and rivers to
decrease.

(1) As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some prevention measures to manage them.
(2)For example, signs could be placed around ponds to advise fish owners to return unwanted pets to the store or give them
to a friend instead of dumping them. (3) Beyond this public messaging, land developers and engineers may want to
reconsider stormwater pond design to keep out goldfish and other invasive species. (4) This might include building barriers
between ponds and adjacent waterways or stocking ponds with goldfish predators such as largemouth bass, which are
already native to the areas involved.

Scientists are hoping to better understand the threat in order to protect the downstream native fish nurseries and wetlands.
Until then, all stakeholders must do their part to make sure that the goldfish don’t get into the wild.

Adapted from scientificamerican.com (with

modifications)
What is true about the invading goldfish discussed in the
text?
A. They have been invading the stormwater ponds in North America within the past 40 years.

B. Not only did the invading goldfish grow in number, some of them also grew in size.

C. Within summer last year, a stormwater pond in Toronto had accumulated about 20,000
goldfish

D. Most goldfish evolved to withstand fluctuating water levels and five months without
oxygen

E. Engineers should not populate ponds with largemouth bass to keep the goldfish
thriving
Which of the following sentences is irrelevant to paragraph
2?

A. 1 D. 4

B. 2 E. All sentences are

relevant.

C. 3
“Through this destructive behavior, goldfish engineer their habitat in ways that make it worse
for other species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight.”

Which of the following best restates the above statement?

A.Other species that catch prey depending on sunlight have their habitat torn down due to the
destructive behavior of the goldfish

B.An engineer specializing in creating habitat for goldfish often makes it worse for other species that
catch prey by sight through harmful behaviors

C.The goldfish create their habitat through destructive behavior in order to make other weaker species
not able to catch prey or get any sunlight

D.Other species that catch prey by sight or depend on sunlight have a harder time as goldfish design
their habitat through this harmful behavior.

E.Goldfish destructively create their habitat after making things worse for other species that catch prey
by sight or depend on sunlight.
What is the relationship between sentence (3) “Beyond this…” and (4) “This might..” in
paragraph 3?

A. Sentence (4) shows the conditions the idea in sentence (3) is

possible.

B. Sentence (4) shows possible effects of the idea stated in sentence

(3).

C. Sentence (4) provides background for the suggestion in sentence (3).

D. Sentence (4) disagrees with the possibility presented in sentence
(3).

E. Sentence (4) provides examples for the suggestion in sentence

(3).
As the concern about these potential super invaders grows, there has to be some
prevention measures to manage them.

Which of the following uses the word “as” most similarly to the statement above?

A. I want to live as someone who doesn’t know how to be afraid of anyone.

B. Ten suddenly arrived home as we were leaving for the midnight screening.

C. Yuta was appointed as a member of the people's representative in N City.

D. As I expected, nobody cares about what the poor and needy think in this
country.

E. As Mark gets more popular, he has a harder time managing his

priorities.
The Business of tennis clothes has grown astoundingly in the past few years. Over 250 million dollar is
spent annually on the trapping of tennis. Apparently everyone wants to look like a pro, even though 2 0 %
of the clientele has never even played the game.

Manufactures pay the star lucrative fees for wearing the brands of clothes and wielding their racquets on
center court. Chris Evert-Lloyd, for example, was rumored to have signed a five-year contract for dolar 5
million with Ellesse, a producer of fancy, expensive tennis wear.

John McEnroe received a reported $600,000 for playing with a Dunlop racquet, $330,000 for sporting
Tacchini clothes, and $100,000 for tying his Nike tennis shoes. Obviously, in a bad year, these stars would
have made more as fashion models than as athletes.

Not only tennis players get free clothing, but also all the people involved in the game - the referees,
linespeople, ball boys and girls - are living advertisements for tennis wear producers. Where, traditionally,
conservative white clothing was required for the entire tennis coterie, changing times have seen a new
vogue in tennis outfits. Flamboyant colors, designers' nameplates, geometric figures, and bold lines
distinguish the new tennis togs from their predecessors.
A good title for this passage would
be ....
A. The Stars at Play

B. Big Business in Tennis Wear

C. The High Cost of Playing Tennis

D. Tennis Stars’ Flamboyant Clothes

E. Designers and Tennis Court

It is stated that John McEnroe
….
A. wore flamboyant clothings on the court

B. must have earned over $1 million for endorsing tennis products

C. was a fashion model more than he was a tennis player

D. had had a bad year in tennis competition

E. wore tennis clothings with geometric figures and bold lines

It can be inferred from the passage
that ....
A. tennis clothing appeals only to the wealthy

B. conservative tennis clothes don’t tend to have designer brands on it

C. the price of tennis racquets has remained stable

D. bright colors entice people to buy tennis wear

E. the tennis referees may get free clothes

The author's intention is
to ....
A. explain why the cost of tennis clothes has risen

B. defend tennis wear manufacturers from complaints about their high prices

C. describe the means of advertising expensive tennis clothes

D. describe the new tennis clothing

E. explain why tennis has become a more difficult game

Who are these stars mentioned in the text?

A. stars that use Dunlop racquets

B. stars that get endorsement from certain tennis products

C. stars that wear white clothing in the tennis

court

D. stars that have photoshoots contracts

E. stars that have changed the trend in

tennis