Basic

troubleshooting
Hardware
 Table of contents
Parts of system unit and their functions
Common troubles in PC hardware
Safety precautions

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Parts of a System
Unit
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Process of
Disassembly and
Assembly
 Disassembly
1.Preparation: Gather the necessary tools and equipment for the disassembly process. Refer to the device's
user manual or online guides for specific instructions.
2.Power Off: Turn off and unplug the device from any power source. If it has a battery, remove it as well.
3.Remove External Components: Begin by removing any external parts, such as screws, clips, panels, or
covers. Keep track of the removed components and organize them to avoid losing them.
4.Identify Components: As you progress, identify the internal components, connections, and their locations
within the device.
5.Disconnect Cables: Carefully disconnect any cables, wires, or connectors connecting the internal
components. Take note of their positions or use labeling to ensure proper reassembly.
6.Remove Sub-Assemblies: Some devices may have sub-assemblies (e.g., motherboard, hard drive, memory
modules). Unscrew and remove them one by one, keeping them organized and labeled.
7.Handle with Care: Be gentle with delicate components and avoid applying excessive force or pressure.
8.Document Steps: If necessary, take pictures or notes during disassembly to aid in reassembly.

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 Assembly
1.Clean and Inspect: Before reassembling, inspect the components for any damage, dust, or debris. Clean them if needed.
2.Reverse Steps: Begin reassembly by following the disassembly steps in reverse order. Start by reconnecting cables and
attaching sub-assemblies.
3.Align Components: Ensure that the components fit together correctly and are aligned properly. Avoid forcing any parts into
place.
4.Secure with Fasteners: Use screws, clips, or any fasteners provided to secure the components back into position.
5.Double-Check Connections: Verify that all connections are firmly in place and correctly attached.
6.Power On Test: Before fully reassembling the device, perform a power-on test to check if everything is working as
expected.
7.Finalize Assembly: Once the test is successful, complete the reassembly by securing all remaining screws, panels, and
covers.
8.Test Again (Optional): For critical devices or complex assemblies, perform a final test to ensure everything functions
correctly.
9.Dispose of Waste: Dispose of any removed or damaged components properly, adhering to local regulations.

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Common troubles
and solutions
 Problem: The screen is blank
If the computer is on but the screen is blank, there may be an
issue with the connection between the computer and the screen.

Solution
First, check to see if the monitor is plugged into a power point
and that the connection between the monitor and computer hard
drive is secure. If the problem is on a laptop, then you may need
to get a professional to fix it as some of the internal wires may be
worn.

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 Problem: The Screen is Frozen
When you computer freezes, you may have no other option than to reboot
and risk losing any unsaved work. Freezes can be a sign of insufficient ram,
registry conflicts, corrupt or missing files, or spyware.

Solution 1: Press and hold the power button until the computer
turns off, then restart it and get to work cleaning up the system
so that it doesn’t freeze again.

Solution 2: Update the software to the latest version.

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 Problem: Strange Noises
A lot of noise coming from your computer is generally a sign of
either hardware malfunction or a noisy fan. Hard drives often
make noise just before they fail

Solution
You may want to back up information just in case, and fans are
very easy to replace.

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 Problem: Overheating
If a computer case lacks a sufficient cooling system, then the
computer’s components may start to generate excess heat during
operation.

Solution
To avoid your computer burning itself out, turn it off and let it rest
if it’s getting hot. Additionally, you can check the fan to make sure
it’s working properly.

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 Problem: Computer is running slow
Solution 1: Close unnecessary background applications to free up
system resources
Solution 2: Reboot application or computer
Solution 3: Delete temp files
Solution 4: Run a full system scan for malware and viruses.
Solution 5: Upgrade hardware components like RAM or SSD for
improved performance.

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 Problem: Computer isn’t powering on

Solution 1: Check the power supply cable

Solution 2: Test the power supply

Solution 3: Remove the battery and test the power supply

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 Problem: Unresponsive Operating System

Solution 1: Restart your computer, check for system updates, and

run a malware scan. Use the Task Manager to identify resource-
intensive processes causing the issue.

Solution 2: Remember what you installed recently on the

computer then Reset your PC
Use system reset
• Open start
• Type Settings
• Click on Update and security
• Click on Recovery
• Under Reset this PC, select Get started and then
choose from the options and/or settings in the
table below.

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 Problem: Fix internet connection
Solution 1: Restart your PC

Solution 2: Disable and re-enable the network adapter

Solution 3: Restart the router and modem

Solution 4: Perform a soft reset on your network

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 Problem: Software Installation Issues
Solution 1: Ensure the software is compatible with the operating
system.
Solution 2: Ensure the software is compatible with the operating
system.
Solution 3: Temporarily disable antivirus software during
installation.
Solution 4: Check if the installation files are corrupted and
redownload if needed.

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 Problem: Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)
Solution 1: Check for recent hardware or software changes and
undo them if necessary. System Restore, Uninstall
Solution 2: Update or roll back device drivers. Device Manager
Solution 3: Run Windows Memory Diagnostic tool to check for
RAM issues. Windows Memory Diagnostic, event Viewer
Solution 4: Scan for malware and viruses.

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Computer
Hardware Safety
Precautions
  Wear proper apparel. Avoid acrylic or wool sweaters when working with electronic parts. Do not wear
loose fitting clothing, rings, bracelets etc.

 Unplug all computer equipment and peripherals before opening any covering cases.

 Keep your work area clean and well lit.

 Check for damaged parts.

 Do not force components into computer ports.

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  Power supplies produce several levels of voltage. Read the information on the power supply carefully
and make sure that the power supply you are using is appropriate for the application.

 Replace all cases or coverings after inspections or installations. Protection, Safety, Structural Integrity

 Check all circuits and installations with the instructor before power is applied.

 Retain all screws during disassembly in containers such as film canisters for proper reassembly.

 Electronic components should never become hot. Hot components means that there is a problem with
the circuit. Disconnect any power immediately. Overheating can lead to reduced performance, accelerated wear and tear,
and even permanent damage, High temperatures can degrade the performance and lifespan of electronic components, Extremely hot
components may pose a fire hazard, potentially causing burns or electrical shocks to anyone who comes into contact with them.

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Thank you