PREDICTION OF FLOODS

AND MINIMISING LOSSES

 SOLUTION FOR INDUSTRY

ANALYSING THE WATER LEVELS IN

A DAM AND NOTIFYING PEOPLE IN
ITS VICINITY WHEN THE LEVEL
EXCEEDS THE THRESHOLD AND
SHARING A LIST OF SCHOOLS AND
MARRIAGE HALLS FOR SAFETY.
 LIST OF HARDWARE EQUIPMENT
‘S AND SOFTWARE USED

1. ATMEGA16
2. ULTRASOUNDSENSOR(ONLY FOR PROTOTYPING)
3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
4. WIFI-MODULE
5. THINGSPEAK CLOUD
6. MATHWORKS
7. ANDROID STUDIO
8. AVR STUDIO
COST INCURRED IN DEVELOPING
THE PROJECT

• AVR MICROCONTROLLER
KIT-900RS
• TEMPERATURE SENSOR-
200RS
• ULTRASOUND SENSOR-
100RS
CURRENT PROBLEM IN INDUSTRY

THE INABILITY TO PREDICT OVERFLOW OF DAMS

IN REGIONS THAT RECEIVE HEAVY RAINFALL HAS
CAUSED LOSS OF LIFE AND MATERIAL. WITH NO
SUFFICIENT TIME TO BE PREPARED THE
GOVERNMENT AND THE PUBLIC FACE HUGE
LOSSES WHOSE COMPENSATION IS NOT FEASIBLE
ENTIRELY.
 PROPOSED SOLUTION
ANALYSING THE WATER LEVELS
IN A DAM AND NOTIFYING
PEOPLE RESIDING NEAR A DAM
ABOUT PROSPECTIVE FLOODS BY
MONITORING THE WATER
LEVELS AND RAINFALL AND
SHARING A LIST OF PLACES FOR
 BRIEF DETAIL WORKING

A PRESSURE SENSOR PLACED AT THE DAM’S BOTTOM IS USED TO

CALCULATE THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER LEVEL. A
TEMPERATURE SENSOR MEASURES TEMPERATURE OF THE
SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. BOTH THE DEPTH AND
TEMPERATURE DATA IS SENT TO MICROCONTROLLER. THE
MICROCONTROLLER RECEIVES THE DATA AND WRITES TO
THINGSPEAK CLOUD AT REGULAR INTERVALS OF 1 MIN TIME
THROUGH THE WI-FI MODULE. THE CLOUD ACCEPTS DATA AND
WE USE MATHWORKS TO PREDICT OVERFLOW. THE DURATION
FOR OVERFLOW IS ALSO READ BY CLOUD AND A SUITABLE
NOTIFICATION IS SENT TO THE ANDROID APP AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE. APP RECEIVES NOTIFICATION FROM CLOUD AND
DISPLAYS THE NEARBY LIST OF SAFE PLACES.
 TECHNICAL REPORT

Sensors
❏ Pressure Sensor (for practical use) : A column of water of a specific
height will always exert the same amount of pressure on a transducer
and because weight is a force, and pressure is force applied over an
area, in this case the area of the transducer is known, we can take the
pressure reading from the transducer and translate it into a level.
 Contd....
❏ Ultrasonic Sensor (or prototype purpose) : It is a contactless method of
measuring fluid level. We transmit short ultrasonic pulse and we
measure travel time of that pulse from the transceiver to liquid and
back to transceiver, ultrasonic pulse will bounce from liquid level
since because change of density of ultrasonic pulse travel medium
(ultrasonic pulse first travel through air and bounce of liquid with higher
density than air), because water has higher density, majority of pulse
will bounce off.
Contd….
❏ Temperature Sensor(resistor and transistor) : When there is increase
in temperature to th level where it crosses the threshold set by Pot,
then the collector current increase and LED starts illuminating. If we
keep voltage source constant, then the voltage across transistor
becomes function of the temperature.
 Code Analysis
❏ This code is used to interface the temperature sensor and ultra
sound sensor to collect the data and send it to the cloud through
wifi module.
❏ Header Files used:

#include<avr/io.h>
#include<avr/interrupt.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
#include<”uart.h”>
 Functions Used
❏ request( ):
Requesting micro-controller to send a starting pulse to the
temperature sensor.
❏ response( ):
Receives response signal from the temperature sensor.
❏ ISR( ):
To increment timer overflow count.
 Contd….
❏ distance( ):
To collect the data from ultrasound sensor(done by the function
Receive_data( )) and calculate the distance using mathematical
expressions.
Distance = (Speed of sound x time taken to receive the pulse)/2
❏ Recieve_data( ):
To collect the data from ultrasound sensor
❏ main( ):
We call all functions to do their work and send the data to the
cloud.
Contd….
❏ App Features: As the app is opened, the first screen contains two
options i.e the statistical report of water level from thingspeak and
the nearest high-level area locations. The data gets updated for every
5 minutes from AVR Atmel to thingspeak platform and that is
directed to the app. According the data , when the water level exceeds
certain height an alarm is triggered through the app and an
emergency message is send to the listed contacts.
 Flow Chart representation
Ultrasonic sensor Temperature sensor

Micro
Controller(AVR
Atmel)

Wifi Module

Thingspeak

App Emergency contacts

Description of flow of key features and functionalities
 Performance Estimation

❏ Time taken for each run - 18 secs.

❏ Simultaneously it sends both temperature data and ultrasound
data.
❏ Approximately the users will be alerted within a min of water
exceeding the threshold level.
 Experiment done to establish the
workability

Placing a ultrasonic sensor on top of a jug and pouring water

gradually to alter the water level.
The ultra sound sensor return decreasing values
as the water has been poured and temperature sensor did not show
any significant change in temperature.
 A link to working model

https://youtu.be/BkJLRbKRMAI