OTITIS MEDIA

INTRODUCTION

 Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear

that occurs when a virus or bacteria cause
the area behind the eardrum to become
inflamed. 
 Anyone can develop a middle ear infection
but infants between six and 15 months old
are most commonly affected.
 It's estimated that around one in every four
children experience at least one middle ear
infection by the time they're 10 years old.
DEFINITION
 Otitis media is a group of inflammatory
diseases of the middle ear.
 Otitis media is inflammation located in
the middle ear. Otitis media can occur
as a result of a cold, sore throat, or
respiratory infection.
TYPES
 Acute otitis media (AOM)
 Chronic suppurative otitis
media (CSOM)
Acute otitis media (AOM)

 Acute otitis media (AOM) is a acute

infection of the middle ear, usually
lasting less than 6 week. It occurs when
the area behind the eardrum called the
middle ear becomes inflamed and
infected.
 Symptoms; Fever, vertigo,tinnitus.
Chronic suppurative otitis
media (CSOM)
  is middle ear inflammation of greater
than two weeks that results in episodes
of discharge from the ear.
  It may be a complication of acute otitis
media. Pain is rarely present.
  its chronic nature.
 Symptoms; hearing loss,ear
drainage,fever,sleepiness,balance
problem.
CAUSES
 Middle ear infections are usually a result of a
malfunction of the eustachian tube, a canal
that links the middle ear with the throat area.
  Bacteria and viruses.
 Allergies.
 a cold.
 a sinus infection.
 infected or enlarged adenoids.
 Exposure to environmental smoke.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors

Exudates & edema in middle ear

Pus formation in the middle ear

Tympanic membrane rupture

OTITIS MEDIA
Signs and Symptoms

 Sever pain in the ear,

 Fever,
 A hearing loss and the feeling to have the
ear blocked,
 A change of mood : irritable or inconsolable,
 Disturbed sleep,
 Deafness.
 a feeling of fullness in the ear.
 fluid drainage from the ear.
Risk Factors
 Being between 6 and 36 months old.
 Being exposed to cigarette smoke.
 Being exposed to high levels of air
pollution.
 Being in a cold climate.
 Having had a recent cold, flu, sinus, or
ear infection
Diagnosis

  Medical history.
 Physical examination.
 Otoscope examination
 Tympanometry
 X ray
 Otoscope- redness,Swelling, Blood,
Pus, air bubbles, fluid in the middle ear,
perforation of the eardrum.
 Tympanometry-
small instrument to measure the air
pressure in your ear and determine if the
eardrum is ruptured, helps to detect any
changes in pressure in the middle ear.
Tympanometry
TREATMENT
 Antibiotics- amoxicillin.

 Surgery- myringotom,
Tympanostom tube.
 Home Care

 Alternative medicine
Surgery
 Tympanostomy tube, also known as a grommet or
myringotomy tube, is a small tube inserted into the eardrum in
order to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged period of
time, and to prevent the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear.
Home Care

 applying a warm, moist wash cloth over

the infected ear.
 using over-the-counter (OTC) ear drops
for pain relief.
 taking OTC pain relievers such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and
acetaminophen (Tylenol).
prevention
 wash hands and toys frequently to
reduce your chances of getting a cold or
other respiratory infection.
 avoid cigarette smoke.
 get seasonal flu shots and
pneumococcal vaccines.
 breastfeed infants instead of bottle
feeding them if possible.
complication
 the bones behind the ear (mastoiditis)
 the inner ear (labyrinthitis)
 the protective membranes surrounding
the brain and spinal cord (meningitis)