Topics for Discussion

1. Rizal in Europe, the

Propaganda
movement and Noli
Me Tangere.
2. The Morga and
Rizal’s Search for
Origins.
References
Schumacher, John . 1997. Early Filipino student activities in Spain,
1880-1882. In the Propaganda Movement; 1880 – 1895. The creators
of a Filipino consciousness, the makers of the revolution, 19-39.
Quezon City. Ateneo de Manila University Press. DS675 S385 1997.
Rizal, Jose. 2011. Rizal’s toast to Luna and Hidalgo. Presidential
Museum and Library, Republic of the Philippines. Online,
http:/malacanang.gov.ph/4071-jose-rizals-homage-to-luna- and-
hidalgo.. 1997.
Schumacher, John. 1997. Journalism and Politics. 1883-1886
Schumacher, John 1997. Del Pilar as delegate in Barcelona of ‘The
Propaganda.” In the Propaganda Movement.
The Staff. 1889. Our Aims. La Solidaridad, vol. 1:1889. trans.
Guadalupe Fores-Ganzon, 3,5 Pasig City. Fundacion Santiago. DS651
S6 1996.
The Propaganda Movement and La
Solidaridad
What was the
Propaganda
Movement and
what did it stand
for? What was
Rizal involvement
in it.
The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1895: The
Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, The Making
of a Revolution
This book does not pretend to be an
exhaustive study of Filipino nationalism in
the period before the outbreak of the
Revolution, as it focuses its attention on the
European scene, not on the penetration of
nationalist ideals in the Philippines, nor the
activities and organizations at home which
took their inspiration from the
Propagandists abroad.
Given the conditions of Philippine society then, the
effective contact with European liberalism and nationalism
and fruitful cross-fertilization towards a Filipino nationalist
ideology were bound to take place largely outside the
Philippines.

Yet, the ultimate steps, as Rizal came to realize, and Andres

Bonifacio was to prove, had to be taken in the Philippines.
Without the work of the Propagandists, without the
laborious efforts to formulate and express their ideals,
without their success in giving form to the nationalist ideal
in the minds of many back home, 
however, there could have been a revolt in 1896,
but there would not have been the Revolution. For
a revolution presupposes a people with a
consciousness of its own identity and unity as a
nation. The creation of that sense of national self-
identity was the work of the Propaganda
Movement. 
The Propaganda Movement was a period of time when native
Filipinos were calling for reforms, lasting approximately from
1880 to 1886 with the most activity between 1880 and 1895. 
Noli Me Tangere
1. What was the context
in which Rizal wrote
Noli Me Tangere?
2. What literary
strategies did Rizal
use in writing the
novel?
3. What does this novel
indicate about
national
consciousness.
Rizal, Jose. 1996. Noli
Me Tangere, trans.
Ma. Soledad Lacson –
Locsin. Makati:
Bookmark. PQ8897 R5
N531 1996. (Read
dedication and Chaps
1-32).
The Morga and Rizal Search for Origins
THANK YOU