MEASURES OF

DISPERSION
(Ungrouped Data)
 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

MEASURE OF DISPERSION
•A measure of variability of a set of data is a
number that conveys the idea of spread for
the data set.
Range
Standard deviation
Variation
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

Range
• The range means the distance between the largest and the smallest
values and, as such, gives an idea of the spread of the data set.
However, the range does not use the concept of deviation. It is
affected by outliers but does not consider all values in the data set.
Thus it is a not very useful measure of variability.

Range (R) = highest value – lowest value

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

Example: Find the Range

• Find the range of the numbers of ounces dispensed by Machine 1 and
Machine 2.
Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 1
9.52 8.01 R = 10.07 – 5.85
6.41 7.99 R = 4.22 oz
10.07 7.95 Machine 2
5.85 8.03 R = 8.03 – 7.95
8.15 8.02 R = 0.08 oz
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

VARIANCE
• The variance for a given data set is the square of the standard
deviation of the data.

Variance of the population Variance of the sample

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 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

THE STANDARD DEVIATION

• The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are.
• Its symbol is

Standard Deviation of the population Standard Deviation of the sample

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

 MEASURE OF DISPERSION
Procedures for Computing a Standard Deviation
1. Determine the mean of the n numbers.
2. For each number, calculate the deviation (difference) between the
number and the mean of the numbers.
3. Calculate the square of each deviation and find the sum of these
squared deviations.
4. If the data is a population, then divide the sum by n. If the data is a sample,
then divide the sum by n – 1.
5. Find the square root of the quotient in step 4.

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 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

Find the Variance and Standard Deviation

• The following numbers were obtained by sampling a population. 2, 4,
7, 12, 15.

1 2 2
𝑠 =
( 2 − 8 )2 + ( 4 − 8 ) 2+ ( 7 − 8 )2 + ( 12 − 8 )2+ (15 − 8 ) 2
5− 1
2+ 4+ 7+12+15
𝑥= 118
5
40
3 𝑠 =
2
4 5
𝑥=
5
4 𝑠 2=29.5 𝑠= √ 29.5
𝑥=8 𝑠=5.43
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
MEASURES OF
DISPERSION
(Grouped Data)
 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

Range
• Scores of 40 students in a 60-point Quiz
Scores Frequency Class
(f) Boundaries
53 – 58 3
47 – 52 4
41 – 46 1
35 – 40 2
29 – 34 10
23 – 28 11
17 – 22 4
11 – 16 3
5 – 10 2

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

 MEASURE OF DISPERSION

Range
• Scores of 40 students in a 60-point Quiz
Scores Frequency Class
(f) Boundaries Range = Highest Class Boundaries – Lowest Class Boundaries
53 – 58 3 52.5 – 58.5
47 – 52 4 46.5 – 52.5
41 – 46
35 – 40
1
2
40.5 – 46.5
34.5 – 40.5
Range = 58.5 – 4.5
Range = 54
29 – 34 10 28.5 – 34.5
23 – 28 11 22.5 – 28.5
17 – 22 4 16.5 – 22.5
11 – 16 3 10.5 – 16.5
5 – 10 2 4.5 – 10.5

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

 MEASURE OF DISPERSION
Variance and Standard Deviation
Scores Frequency
(f)
Class Mark
fx ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 )2 𝑓 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 )2
53 – 58 3
(x)
55.5
VARIANCE
166.5 635.04 1905.12
47 – 52 4 49.5 198 368.64 1474.56
41 – 46 1 43.5 43.5 174.24 174.24
35 – 40 2 37.5 75 51.84 103.68 2 6278.4
𝑆 =
29 – 34 10 315 14.4 40 −1
31.5 1.44
23 – 28 11 280.5 23.04 253.44 6278.4
25.5 𝑆 2=
39
17 – 22 4 19.5 78 116.64 466.56
11 – 16 3 13.5 40.5 282.24 846.72
𝑺𝟐=𝟏𝟔𝟎 . 𝟗𝟖
5 – 10 2 7.5 15 519.84 1039.68 Standard Deviation
N = 40 S
¿
1212 S
40

𝑥=30.3 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD