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Lesson 1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World
Lesson 1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World
NATURE OF
MATHEMATICS
LESSON 1.1: PATTERNS
AND NUMBERS IN
NATURE AND THE
WORLD
PATTERNS
01 02
Regular Repeate
d
03Recurring forms
or designs
Find logical
connections to form
generalizations
Identify
relationships Predictions
1. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
2. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
3. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
4. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
5. What number comes next?
11
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, _____.
Patterns
It indicates that you
Leonardo da Vinci’s
Vitruvian Man
showing the
proportions and
symmetry of the
human body.
Symmetry
• There are other types of symmetry
depending on the number of sides or faces
that are symmetrical.
• Note that if you rotate the starfish you can
still achieve the sane appearance as the
original position. This is known as
rotational symmetry.
• A more common way of describing
rotational symmetry is by order of
rotation.
Order of Rotation
A figure has a rotational symmetry of order n
(n-fold rotational symmetry) if of a complete turn
leaves the figure unchanged.
0
360
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=
𝑛
Example:
The patten on a
snowflakes repeat six
times, indicating that
there is a six-fold
symmetry.
0
360 0
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= =60
6
Honeycomb
Why bees used
hexagon in making
honeycomb and not
any other polygons?
Packing Problem
Packing Problem
It involve finding the
optimum method of
filling up a given space
such as cubic or
spherical container.
Proof: Suppose you have
circles of radius 1 cm,
each of which will then
have an area of . We are
then going to fill a plane
with these circles using
square packing and
hexagonal packing.
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
× 100 %
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝜋 𝑐𝑚2
¿ 2
×100 %
4 𝑐𝑚
≈ 78 . 54 %
The area of each triangle is
given by: 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ∙ √ 3
𝐴=
4
(2 𝑐𝑚) ∙ √ 3
2
A=
4
4 𝑐𝑚 ∙ √ 3
2
𝐴=
4
𝐴=√ 3 𝑐𝑚 2
• The area of the hexagon is
• The total area of the circle is
≈ 90 . 69 %
≈ 78 . 54 % ≈ 90 . 69 %
Tiger’s Stripes and Hyena’s Spot’s
• Patterns are also exhibited in the
external appearance of animals. The
tiger looks and hyena’s spot, these
seemingly random designs are believed
to be governed by mathematical
equation.
• According to the theory of Allan Turing
the chemical factors in the cell determine
growth patterns, and influence factors
like hair color. There are two chemical
process: reaction and diffusion.
The Sunflower
• Looking at the
sunflower, there is a
definite pattern of
clockwise and
counterclockwise arc
of spirals extending
outward from the
center of the flower.
Flower Petals
• Flowers are easily
considered as things
of beauty.
• Flowers with five
petals are said to be
most common.
• Number of petals are
all Fibonacci
numbers.
Population Growth
Mathematics can be used to model population
growth with the formula
𝐴=50 𝑒 0 . 0 7 𝑡
0 . 0 7( 20 )
𝐴=50 𝑒
𝐴 =50 𝑒 1 . 4
𝐴=50 (4 . 0551999668 )
𝐴=202 . 75999834
𝐴=202 , 760
𝐴=203 , 000
∴𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 202,760𝑖𝑛20 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
THANK YOU!