MATHSWATCH CLIP

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GRADE
2, 4, 6
L.O. To be able to
 Perform and describe
 Translations
 Reflections
 Rotations
 Enlargements
Key Words
scale factor, centre, equation of the mirror line, vector, clockwise, anticlockwise, congruent

Starter
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CONTENTS – Click to go to…

TRANSLATION ROTATION

REFLECTION ENLARGEMENT

REVISION – FOUR TYPES OF

COMBINING TRANSFORMATIONS
TRANSFORMATIONS
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

TRANSLATION
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GRADE
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Translation
 Slides the shape across the page
 2 marks available, for 2 details
 translation - +
 by vector…

To perform
↔
+
(↕) -
To describe
 Use the vector to decide how far to go and  Write down “translation”
in which directions  Make sure you are starting from the correct
 Pick a corner and translate it. Mark a dot shape!
where it should end up  Pick a corner and mark the corresponding
 Check by picking another corner and corner on both shapes
translating that  Count out the distance between these
 Draw in the rest of the shape corners, (Right/Left then Up/Down) and
write this as a vector
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Using vectors
 Similar to a coordinate, but numbers are written on top of
each other
 Top number is for “left or right”
• Positive for RIGHT →
- +

( )
• Negative for LEFT ← ↔
 Bottom number is for “up or down” ↕-+

• Positive for UP ↑
• Negative for DOWN ↓
So the vector means go 4 right and 7 down
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GRADE
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Task – Use “left, right, up and down” to describe the meaning of these
vectors in words…
3
3 right, 5 up
5

6
6 right, 2 down
-2

-1
1 left, 9 up
9

-11
11 left, 8 down
-8
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What does this vector tell you?

 9 
The top number tells you how many squares
across you go (positive for right, negative for
left)
 
15
 
The bottom number tells you how many squares
up or down you go (positive for up, negative for
down)
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GRADE
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See what effect different vectors have on the shape…
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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TRANSLATION
PERFORMING
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Remember… To perform
 Use the vector to decide how far to go and
in which directions
 Pick a corner and translate it. Mark a dot
where it should end up
 Check by picking another corner and
translating that
 Draw in the rest of the shape

Example:

A
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GRADE
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Examples
Translate the shape by the vector

( )
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GRADE
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Performing translations
You could also use tracing paper and do the whole shape at once
Example

9 Translate triangle A
8 through
7
6  4
5  
 2
2 up
4 B
4 right
3
Label the image B
2 A 2 up 2 up
1
4 right 4 right
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GRADE
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TRANSLATION
DESCRIBING
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Example
What vector would we use to describe the translation from
shape 1 to shape 2?

( ) -2
3
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Example – Describing translations
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Task – Your turn! Describe these translations
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GRADE
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TRANSLATIONS

On your mini whiteboards…

Quick Questions!
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GRADE
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5
Translation of
2
x 5 to the right
and 2 up

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

7
Translation of
1
x 7 to the right
and 1 up

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

2
Translation of
2
x 2 to the right
and 2 up

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

5
Translation of
-3
x 5 to the right
and 3 down

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

0
Translation of
-5
x 0 across and 5
down

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

-4
Translation of
2
x 4 to the left and
2 up

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

-5
Translation of
1
x 5 to the left and
1 up

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

-6
Translation of
-4
x 6 to the left and
2 down

Blue = Object
Red = Image
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Mini-whiteboard competition! Describing translations

E B

D A
C
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

ROTATION

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Rotation
 Turns the shape around
 3 marks available, for 3 details
 rotation
 angle and direction
 centre of rotation
To perform
 Trace the shape and centre point, mark
with an arrow to show which way is up
 Decide, from the angle and direction given,
which way the arrow should finish
 Put your pencil on the centre point and
turn the paper until your arrow faces the
correct direction
 Draw your shape in this position on the grid
MATHSWATCH CLIP
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
To describe
 Write down “rotation”
 Make sure you are starting from the correct
shape!
 Trace the original shape and centre point, mark
with an arrow to show which way is up
 Move the paper to the image and use the
direction of your arrow to decide what angle and
direction have been used
 Use trial and error to decide where the centre
point must be and write down its coordinates
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

ROTATION
PERFORMING
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2, 4, 6
Example – Rotate shape P, 90° clockwise about the point (1 , 1)
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task – Complete the worksheet on rotations, remembering
the following steps to performing rotations…
To perform
 Trace the shape and centre point, mark with an
arrow to show which way is up
 Decide, from the angle and direction given,
which way the arrow should finish
 Put your pencil on the centre point and turn the
paper until your arrow faces the correct direction
 Draw your shape in this position on the grid
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

ROTATION
DESCRIBING
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GRADE
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Example – Describe fully the single transformation that maps P onto Q

1. Rotation
2. angle 180° (so no
direction needed, or you
can say either clockwise
or anticlockwise)
3. centre (0,0)
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

REFLECTION
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

An object can be reflected in a mirror line or axis of reflection to

produce an image of the object.

For example,

Each point in the image must be the same distance from the
mirror line as the corresponding point of the original object.
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Reflection
 Flips the shape over
 2 marks available, for 2 details
 reflection
 equation of the mirror line

To perform To describe
 Draw the given mirror line onto your grid  Write down “reflection in the line”
 Count the distance from a corner to the  Decide where the mirror line is and draw it on
mirror line, and reflect that distance on the  Decide the equation of the mirror line and write it
down
opposite side. Mark where that corner ends
up.
 Repeat for the other corners in the shape
 Join your corners to make your final image
vertical horizontal positive diagonal negative diagonal
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Equations of lines
Your mirror line will always be either horizontal, vertical or diagonal at
45ᵒ to the axes. The equations of these lines are as follows…
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GRADE
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Mirror lines
What are the equations of these lines?
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Mini whiteboards – I will give you two shapes and you need to write the equation of
the mirror line that reflects those two shapes
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

REFLECTION
PERFORMING
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
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Example – Reflect in the line y = 4

7
6
5

4 y=4
3
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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GRADE
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Example – Reflect in the line x = 2

7
6
5

4
3
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

x=2
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example – Reflect in the line y = x
y=x

7
6
5

4
3
2

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
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Using tracing paper for reflections
Before you start, mark a position
anywhere on the mirror line with a
cross
Use a piece of tracing paper to carefully
trace over the shape, the mirror line
and the cross with a soft pencil.
Turn the paper over and line up the
mirror line and the cross
Draw around the outline on the back of
the tracing paper to trace the image
onto the original piece of paper
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GRADE
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Example
object Trace the shape and
mirror line using tracing
paper.
Turn tracing paper over
and match up
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
object Trace the shape and
mirror line using tracing
paper.
Turn tracing paper over
and match up

Mark position of vertices,

remove tracing paper and
draw image of shape.
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
object Trace the shape and
mirror line using tracing
paper.
Turn tracing paper over
and match up
image Mark position of vertices,
remove tracing paper and
draw image of shape.
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
a) Reflect T in the line x = 3. Label the image U
b) Reflect U in the line x = 7. Label the image V
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

REFLECTION
DESCRIBING
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete two examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

ENLARGEMENT
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GRADE
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Enlargement
 Makes the shape bigger or smaller
 3 marks available, for 3 details
 enlargement
 scale factor
 centre of enlargement

To perform
 Mark the centre point on your grid
 Choose a corner, then count the distance (across
and up/down) from the centre of enlargement to
that corner
 For SF 2, double that distance and mark on the
new position of that corner (SF 3, triple it, etc)
 Repeat for the other corners
 Join the corners to finish your image
To describe
 Write down “enlargement”
 Count the lengths of two corresponding sides,
and decide how many times bigger it has become.
This is your scale factor
 Use a ruler to draw “ray lines” that link each pair
of corresponding corners in the diagram. Find the
coordinates of the point where these ray lines
cross. This is your centre of enlargement
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Enlargement or not?

Object
Object Object
Image

Image
Image
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Which of these shapes are an enlargement of the pink
shape?
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GRADE
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SCALE FACTORS

On your mini whiteboards…

Quick Questions!
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GRADE
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What is the scale factor?

A’
A

Scale factor 2
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What is the scale factor?

B’

Scale factor 3
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What is the scale factor?

C’
C

Scale factor 2
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GRADE
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What is the scale factor?

D’

Scale factor 3.5

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GRADE
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What is the scale factor?

E’

Scale factor 0.5

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Calculating Scale Factor
Pick any two corresponding sides. The following calculation will always give you your
scale factor…

A’
A
4 cm 6 cm
6 cm 9 cm
B B’
C 8 cm
C’ 12 cm

A’B’ B’C’ A’C’

= = = the scale factor
AB BC AC
6 12 9
= = = 1.5
4 8 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task – What is the scale factor? Work out the scale factor for
each pair of shapes on your sheet, going from the black shape
to the grey shape.
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GRADE
2, 4, 6

ENLARGEMENT
PERFORMING
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example – Enlarge this shape with a scale factor of ______
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GRADE
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Examples
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Centre of enlargement
The centre of enlargement is a point or coordinate which
determines the position of the enlarged shape on the grid

You can count squares to perform this type of enlargement

You can also use a ruler to draw on ray lines to help you

We will take a look at both methods…

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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete three examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete three examples from your sheet together
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Examples – We will complete three examples from your sheet together
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example – Enlarge by scale factor 2 from the centre shown
A/ B/ 1. Draw the ray lines
through vertices.

Image 2. Using compasses,

mark off x 2
distances along each
D/ C/ line.
A B
Object
3. Draw and label
your image.
D C
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Example – using ray lines
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Example – Enlarge by scale factor -1 from the centre shown

B 1. Draw the ray lines

A through the vertices.
C
2. Using compasses,
D/
mark off x 1
D distances along each
line.
A/
C/ 3. Draw and label
B/
your image.
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task – Complete the mixed questions on your sheet, including fractional and negative
scale factors
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Task – Write your name in block lettering. Choose a scale
factor and enlarge it.
CHALLENGE! Can you enlarge it with a fractional scale factor
now?

Use this block

alphabet, or
design your
own…
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GRADE
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ENLARGEMENT
DESCRIBING
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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Find the centre the enlargement of A onto A’.

This is the
centre of
enlargement
A’
A

 Draw lines from any two vertices to their images.

 Extend the lines until they meet at a point.

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GRADE
2, 4, 6

Find the centre the enlargement of A onto A’.

A
A’

 Draw lines from any two vertices to their images.

 When the enlargement is negative the centre of enlargement is
at the point where the lines intersect.
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GRADE
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Examples – We will complete the last example from your sheet together
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
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TRANSFORMATIONS
REVISION
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Four transformations SUMMARY
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GRADE
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Translation
 Slides the shape across the page
 2 marks available, for 2 details
 translation - +
 by vector…

To perform
↔
+
(↕) -
To describe
 Use the vector to decide how far to go and  Write down “translation”
in which directions  Make sure you are starting from the correct
 Pick a corner and translate it. Mark a dot shape!
where it should end up  Pick a corner and mark the corresponding
 Check by picking another corner and corner on both shapes
translating that  Count out the distance between these
 Draw in the rest of the shape corners, (Right/Left then Up/Down) and
write this as a vector

27/08/2023 Transformations
Rotation
 Turns the shape around
 3 marks available, for 3 details
 rotation
 angle and direction
 centre of rotation
To perform
 Trace the shape and centre point, mark
with an arrow to show which way is up
 Decide, from the angle and direction given,
which way the arrow should finish
 Put your pencil on the centre point and
turn the paper until your arrow faces the
correct direction
 Draw your shape in this position on the grid
MATHSWATCH CLIP
48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
To describe
 Write down “rotation”
 Make sure you are starting from the correct
shape!
 Trace the original shape and centre point, mark
with an arrow to show which way is up
 Move the paper to the image and use the
direction of your arrow to decide what angle and
direction have been used
 Use trial and error to decide where the centre
point must be and write down its coordinates
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Reflection
 Flips the shape over
 2 marks available, for 2 details
 reflection
 equation of the mirror line

To perform To describe
 Draw the given mirror line onto your grid  Write down “reflection in the line”
 Count the distance from a corner to the  Decide where the mirror line is and draw it on
mirror line, and reflect that distance on the  Decide the equation of the mirror line and write it
down
opposite side. Mark where that corner ends
up.
 Repeat for the other corners in the shape
 Join your corners to make your final image
vertical horizontal positive diagonal negative diagonal
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Enlargement
 Makes the shape bigger or smaller
 3 marks available, for 3 details
 enlargement
 scale factor
 centre of enlargement

To perform
 Mark the centre point on your grid
 Choose a corner, then count the distance (across
and up/down) from the centre of enlargement to
that corner
 For SF 2, double that distance and mark on the
new position of that corner (SF 3, triple it, etc)
 Repeat for the other corners
 Join the corners to finish your image
To describe
 Write down “enlargement”
 Count the lengths of two corresponding sides,
and decide how many times bigger it has become.
This is your scale factor
 Use a ruler to draw “ray lines” that link each pair
of corresponding corners in the diagram. Find the
coordinates of the point where these ray lines
cross. This is your centre of enlargement
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Skills check – Quick test to see if you can PERFORM all four
transformations

7 B
6

5
C D
4

3
A
2

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Describing transformations flow chart
Are the shapes the
same size?

No Yes

Enlargement Are the shapes the

same orientation?

Yes No

Translation Can you turn the tracing

paper so the shapes look
the same?

Yes No

Rotation Reflection
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task - Transformations grids
You have six transformation grids which all have the same
object on them

I am going to test your knowledge by giving you six

transformation quiz questions to perform, one on each grid

We will then peer assess

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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task - How confident do you feel describing transformations?
Choose SUPPORT, CORE or EXTENSION from the available
worksheets…
Answers
1. Translated by the vector OR reflected in the line x = 0 (y axis)
2. Enlarged by scale factor 3 from centre (4, 6)
3. Rotated 90° clockwise from centre (0, 0)
4. Translated by the vector
CLICK FOR SOLUTIONS…
5. Rotated 180° clockwise from centre (0, 0)
6. Enlarged by scale factor 2 from centre (5, 5)
7. Translated by the vector
8. Reflected in the line y = 1
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6

COMBINING
TRANSFORMATIONS
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Example
a) Reflect P in the line x = 3. Label the image Q.
b) Reflect Q in the line y = 5. Label the image R.
c) Describe fully the single transformation that maps P onto R.

1. Rotation
2. angle 180° (so no
direction needed, or you
can say either clockwise
or anticlockwise)
3. centre (3,5)
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Task – Combining transformations worksheet
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27/08/2023 Transformations 48, 49, 50, 148, 181
GRADE
2, 4, 6
Solutions
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Solutions
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Solutions
 MATHSWATCH CLIP
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Solutions
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GRADE
2, 4, 6
Solutions