Computer Fundamentals

Presented By: Submitted To:

Aditya Raj Ms. Divya Goyal
6-C
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A Computer System

User
• Hardware
• Software
Hardware
• User
Software

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A Computer System (Contd.)

• In general, a computer is a machine

which accepts data, processes it and
returns new information as output.

Processing

Data Information

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Software

• Software is set of programs (which

are step by step instructions) telling
the computer how to process data.

• Softwares can be divided into two

groups:
- System SW
- Application SW

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Advantages of Using Computers

• Speed: Computers can carry out

instructions in less than a millionth of a second.

• Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations

without errors and very accurately.

• Diligence : Computers are capable of

performing any task given to them repetitively.

• Storage Capacity : Computers can store

large volume of data and information on
magnetic media.
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Types of Computers

On the basis of Computing Power &

Size:
• Laptop / Palmtop
• Micro Computer / Desktop
• Mini Computer / Mainframe
• Super Computer

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CPU ( Central Processing Unit)

• The central processing unit (CPU), also

known as just a "processor”, is the
"brain"
of your computer.

• It contains various electronic circuits.

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Keyboard

• The keyboard looks like a typewriter.

• It contains all the letters of the alphabet,

numbers and some special symbols.

• It operates like a typewriter keypad, but

instead of moving an arm, which strikes the
paper, it sends an electronic impulse to the
computer, which displays a character on the
monitor.

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Mouse

• Its a device that is used to control the

computer.
A cable connects the mouse to the computer.

• When the mouse is moved on a pad, called a

mouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves.

• A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the

computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow
that
is used as a pointer) that shows you what the
mouse is referencing on the screen.
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Printer

• A printer is designed to output information

from a computer onto a piece of paper.

• There are three kinds of printers:

dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.

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Scanner

• A scanner is a device used to copy an image off

paper and convert it into a digital image, which
can be saved as a computer file and stored on a
hard drive.

• Scanners can also use a special kind of

technology called Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an
editable document file

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A Look Inside the CPU ..

power
supply CD-
ROM
drive
floppy
drive
cards
hard
drive

motherboard
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A Look Inside the CPU ..

RAM

Motherboard

Hard Drive
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CPU

• The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain"

of your computer. It contains the electronic circuits
that cause the computer to follow instructions from
memory.

• The CPU contains three main parts, all housed

in a single package (Chip):
• Control Unit (CU)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Memory

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Major Peripherals

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Hard Disk
• Floppy Disk
• CD ROM
• Printer
• Scanner
• Joystick

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What is Operating System

✔OS is system software, which may be viewed

as collection of software consisting of
procedures for operating the computer.

✔It provides an environment for execution of

programs (application software).

✔It’s an interface between user & computer.

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Computer Machine
(Hardware)

Machine Language
(Low Level Language)

Operating System

Human Understandable
Language (High Level
Language)

User / Programmer

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A Second Classification
This Classification is based on the type of interface Operating System
provides for the user to work in.

✔Character User Interface (CUI)

The User has to type the commands on the command prompt to get the work
completed.
Ex. DOS, UNIX.

✔Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The User need not type any commands. He/She
just point and clicks on the desired Icon to get the
work done.
Ex. Windows (9X, XP, NT, 2000), Linux.

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 Windows Operating System Hierarchy

• MS-DOS 1.x (1986)

• Windows 3.0 (1990)
• Windows NT (1993)
• Windows 95 (1995)
• Windows 98 (1998)
• Windows Millennium (2000)
• Windows 2000 Server Family (2000)
• Windows Xp (2001)
• Windows 2003 Server (2003)
• Windows Vista (2007)
• Windows 2008 Server (2008)
• Windows 7 (2009)
• Windows 8 (2012)
• Windows 8.1 (2013)

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Thank You

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