Recap:

Types of Speech Context

 Intrapersonal Communication
 Interpersonal Communication
• Dyad
• Small Group
 Public Communication
 Mass Communication
Speech Styles
 Intimate
 Casual
 Formal
 Consultative
 Frozen
COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES
Learning Objectives:

1.Discover the various types of

speech strategies; and
2. Be able to utilize these
strategies to actual speech
situation
COMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

• These are plans, means or ways of

sharing information which are
adopted to achieve a particular
social, political, psychological, or
linguistic purpose
NOMINATION
• The speaker tries to open a topic with the people
he/she is talking to.
• This strategy can be applied any time during the
course of an interaction as a way of continuing the
communication.

When this strategy is used, the topic is introduced in a

clear and truthful manner, stating only the relevant to
keep the interaction focused.

Examples:

1. Good morning, class. How are you today?

2. Is it raining in your area?
RESTRICTION
• Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. It is
a process of eliminating some topics or words that a
speaker finds hard to express or is not knowledgeable
about.
• Is used in constraining the reaction or response within a
define set of categories.
• This strategy is used to make utterance appropriate for
politeness.

Example:

We will have 30 minutes of online discussion regarding the

topic on Pandemic and Mental Health. An additional 10
minutes will be allotted for your questions and related
concerns.
TURN-TAKING
• Turn taking strategy requires that each speaker speaks only
when it is his/her turn during interaction.
• Uses either an informal approach (just jump in and start
talking) or a formal approach (permission to speak is
requested).
Another example:
I agree with the point just made.
Examples:
But May I add that OFWs would
1. Go on with your ideas . I will let you finish first rather be home and work here so
before I say something. they could be with their families.
2. Can we all listen to the one who talk in front
of us? May I have the floor, Sir? The
topic under discussion is the
State of the Philippine economy
today. We want better lives for
Filipinos, whether they are
working here or abroad.
TOPIC CONTROL
 Is a communicative strategy used in
keeping the conversation going on by
asking questions that requires a response
from the listener.
 This also allows listener or other
participants to take turns, contribute ideas,
and continue the discussion.

Example:

Your car may be break down, to, Luna,

right? So you have to find another
means of getting to school. We all do
not want to be late in class, yes?
TOPIC SHIFTING
• Topic shifting communicative strategy is useful in
introducing another topic . This strategy works
best when there is follow-through so that the new
topic continues to be discussed.
Note: This is also used in Repair communicative strategy.

Example:

If we cannot use the Earth’s resources,

our economies will die. We need to
choose: the economy or the
environment.
REPAIR
• Refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation.
• This strategy includes requesting clarification, not
acknowledging, topic shifting, not responding, repeating,
recasting, and adding.

• Topic shifting can help direct the discussion to another

topic or divert the attention of the listener from the topic
that has become problematic.
Example:

I have ordered Colonel…uh…General Pano to look

into this matter. He, General Pano I mean, will
report directly to me, as President of the
Philippines.
TERMINATION
• This strategy ends the interaction through
verbal and non verbal messages that both
speaker and listener send to each other.

Note : Termination is quick and short. Sometimes

it is prolonged by clarification, further questions,
but the point of the language and body
movement is to end the communication.

Example:

See you later.