PRACTICE PROBLEMS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THERMODYNAMICS FOR GATE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

-With Full Solutions

1.PROBLEM ON 2ND LAW OF THERMIDYNAMICS

Heat in the amount of 150 kJ is transferred directly

from a hot reservoir at = 550 K to two cooler
reservoirs at T1 =350 K and T2=250 K . The
surrounding temperature is = 300 K. if the heat
transferred to reservoir at is half that transferred to
the reservoir at the Lost work is ________ kJ
SOLUTION
2.THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF
FLUID
At a reduced temperature of 1.10 and reduced
pressure of 2.0 the compressibility factor for ethane is
0.42 What is the value of compressibility factor for
methane at the same reduced temperature and
pressure?
a. <0.42
b.0.42
c. >0.42
d. Need additional data.
 SOLUTION
Ans. B
 3.EXAMPLE ON CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIUM

For the cracking reaction,

(g)(g) +(g)

The equilibrium conversion is negligible at 300

K, but becomes appreciable at temperatures
above 500 K. Initially only C3H8 presents. For a
pressure of 1 bar, determine the Fractional
conversion of propane at 625 K is ------------
. At 625 K,
SOLUTION:
 4.EXAMPLE ON NON IDEALITY IN
LIQUID- ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS
The activity coefficients in a binary system are given
by In = , In = . if the system forms an azeotrope,
the azeotropic composition x1 is given by
a. X1 = ½ [1+1/A In ]
b. X1 = ½ [1+A In ]
c. X1 = 2[1/A In ]
d. X1 = 2[ In ]
 
SOLUTION
The activity coefficients are :

𝛾1 = exp (𝐴𝑥22 ), 𝛾2 = exp(𝐴𝑥12 )

The total pressure over the system is given by

P = 𝛾1 X1 𝑃1𝑠 + 𝛾2 x2𝑃2𝑠 = [exp (𝐴𝑥22 )] (X1𝑃1𝑠 ) + [exp (𝐴𝑥12 ) ] (x2𝑃2𝑠 )

Differentiating this with respect to X1 , we get

𝑑𝑃
= 𝑃1𝑠 exp (𝐴𝑥22 ) (1-2 X1 x2) - 𝑃2𝑠 exp (𝐴𝑥12 ) (1- 2A X1 x2)
𝑑𝑥 1

At the azeotropic composition, the P-x curve has a maximum or minimum.

Therefore , the above result is equated to zero and after rearrangement, we get

[𝑃𝑃 ]=0
𝑠
(1-2 AX1 x2) 1
𝑠 - exp [A (𝑥12 - 𝑥22 )
2

The roots of this equation are given by

𝑃1𝑠
A (𝑥12 - 𝑥22 ) = In 𝑃2𝑠

And 2 AX 1 x2 = 1

The first root can be rearranged as

1 𝑃1𝑠
X1 = ½ ቀ1 + 𝐼𝑛 ቁ
𝐴 𝑃2𝑠

Ans. A
5. EXAMPLE ON 1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

In the following take = 21 and = 29.3 kJ kfor

nitrogen gas:
1.5 kmol of nitrogen at C (294.15K) contained in a
rigid vessel, is heated to C (450.15 K.) If it weights
90.7 kg and has heat capacity of 0.5 kJ , how
much heat is required in kJ?
 SOLUTION :

Q = mN2*CvN2*(T2-T1)+ mmetal*Cvmetal*(T2-T1)

= 1.5*21*(450.15-294.15)+ (90.7*0.5*(450.15-294)
=11988.6 KJ
6.PROBLEM ON PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
The mole fraction of chloroform in vapor phase for the system
chloroform (1)-methanol (2) at is ___________

Given that the margules parameters are = 0.7377 and = 1.8676.

At , = 39 kPa; = 27.7 kPa. The margules parameters are given as
= 0.7377;
= 1.8676
 
The activity coefficients are given by:
In = =
In = =
SOLUTION

When = 0.1, we have

In = or = 2.1827
= or = 0.9983
P = + = 33.649 kPa
Y1 = /P = 0.252 --- Answer
MORE PRACTICE
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