Personhoo

d Under
Totalitaria
n Ideology
THE •Nineteenth-century liberals believed in individualism,
progress, and science.

SCIENCE •Not only did science deliver technological and material rewards
but it also confirmed liberals’ faith in the power of human reason

AND SOUL to uncover and command the laws of nature.

OF THE
MODERN
AGE
Socialists
• What is Socialism?

Planned to
Share
Wealth
 Marx
urged
workers to
revolt

Bourgeoisie

Proletariat
Louis Pasteur

During the mid-to late 19th century, Pasteur

demonstrated that microorganisms cause disease and
discovered how to make vaccines from weakened, or
attenuated, microbes. He developed the earliest
vaccines against fowl cholera, anthrax, and rabies.

Louis Pasteur in his laboratory, holding a jar containing the

spinal cord of a rabbit infected with rabies, which he used to
develop a vaccine against the disease.
Madame Curie’s Passion

The Life of Marie Curie and Her

Contributions to Oncology
Years of Crisis
THE POLITICAL
SITUATION OF
EUROPE
BEFORE
WORLD WAR I
Romanov
Family
The
Trigger of
War
How a Series of
Alliances and
Counter-
Alliances Drew
Europe into the
First World War
 The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28,
1919, formally ended the war and imposed
heavy penalties on Germany, including
massive reparations and the loss of
territory.
 
The aftermath of World War I had a
profound impact on the world, with the
collapse of empires, the rise of new nations,
and the emergence of the United States
and Soviet Union as global superpowers.
The Treaty of Versailles set the stage for
future conflicts, including World War II, as
Germany resented the harsh terms of the
treaty and sought to regain its status as a
major power.
 

The Big Four of the Allies chat while gathering at the Palace of Versailles in 1919 for the Treaty of Versailles, which
officially ended World War I. They are (from left) David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy,
Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States.