Gray-Scale Morphology

Gray-Scale Morphology
f ( x, y ) : gray-scale image
b( x, y ): structuring element

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 Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation
by Flat Structuring
 f  b  ( x , y )  (ms , t in
) b
 f ( x  s , y  t )

f  b ( x , y )  m a x  f ( x  s , y  t )
( s , t ) b

%Dilation
f=f1(:,:,1);
[x,y]=size(f);
p=zeros(x,y);p2=zeros(x,y);p12=zeros(x,y);p13=zeros(x,y);
w=[1 1 1; 1 1 1; 1 1 1];
for s=2:x-2
for t=2:y-2
w1=[f(s-1,t-1)*w(1) f(s-1,t)*w(2) f(s-1,t+1)*w(3) f(s,t-1)*w(4) f(s,t)*w(5)
f(s,t+1)*w(6) f(s+1,t-1)*w(7) f(s+1,t)*w(8) f(s+1,t+1)*w(9)];
p(s,t)=max(w1);
end
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 Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation
by Nonflat Structuring
 f  bN  ( x, y )  (min
s ,t )b
 f ( x  s, y  t )  bN ( s, t )

 f  bN  ( x, y)  max
( s ,t )b
 f ( x  s, y  t )  bN ( s, t )

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 https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/52363-morphological-operations-
on-a-grayscale-image
SE = strel(nhood)
SE = strel("diamond",r)
SE = strel("disk",r)
SE = strel("disk",r,n)
SE = strel("octagon",r)
SE = strel("line",len,deg)
originalBW = imread('text.png');
se = strel('line',11,90);
erodedBW = imerode(originalBW,se);
figure,
imshow(originalBW)
figure,
imshow(erodedBW)
title('After Erosion')
dilatedBW = imdilate(originalBW,se);
figure,
imshow(dilatedBW)
title('After Dilation')
6 title('After Closing')
SE = strel("rectangle",[m n])
SE = strel("square",w)
SE = strel("cube",w)
SE = strel("cuboid",[m n p])
SE = strel("sphere",r)
original = imread('snowflakes.png');
figure,imshow(original);
se = strel('disk',5);
afterOpening = imopen(original,se);
figure,
imshow(afterOpening,[]);
title('After Opening')
originalBW = imread('circles.png');
figure,imshow(originalBW);
se = strel('disk',10);
closeBW = imclose(originalBW,se);
figure, imshow(closeBW)
09/07/2023
 Morphological Smoothing
 Opening suppresses bright details smaller than the
specified SE, and closing suppresses dark details.

 Opening and closing are used often in combination as

morphological filters for image smoothing and noise
removal.

Opening and Closing

f  b   f  b  b
f  b   f  b  b
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 Morphological Smoothing

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 Morphological Gradient
 Dilation and erosion can be used in combination with
image subtraction to obtain the morphological gradient of
an image, denoted by g,

g  ( f  b)  ( f  b)
 The edges are enhanced and the contribution of the
homogeneous areas are suppressed, thus producing a
“derivative-like” (gradient) effect.

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 Morphological Gradient

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 Top-hat and Bottom-hat Transformations
 The top-hat transformation of a grayscale image f is
defined as f minus its opening:

That ( f )  f  ( f  b)
 The bottom-hat transformation of a grayscale image f is
defined as its closing minus f:

Bhat ( f )  ( f  b)  f

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 Example of Using Top-hat Transformation in
Segmentation

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 Granulometry
 Granulometry deals with determining the size of
distribution of particles in an image

 Opening operations of a particular size should have the

most effect on regions of the input image that contain
particles of similar size

 For each opening, the sum (surface area) of the pixel

values in the opening is computed

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 Example

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