Body Structure

Medical Terminology
Student Objectives
 Define the levels of organization in the
human body.
 Describe the disease process by
defining terms associated with
pathology.
 Identify four body planes.
 Relate organs to each body cavity.
Student Objectives
 Describe the four quadrants
 Describe radiology, computed
tomography, magnetic resonance
imaging, and ultrasonography.
 Apply directional terms.
 Identify combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes related to body structure.
Student Objectives
 Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and
therapeutic terms related to body
structure.
 Identify diagnostic procedures related to
body structure.
Student Objectives
 Identify surgical and therapeutic
procedures related to body structure.
 Define the abbreviations related to body
structure.
Levels of Organization
 Cells, Cytology
 Tissues, Histology
– epithelial
– connective
– muscle
– nervous
 Organs
 Systems
 Organism
Disease Process
 Disease, morbid
 signs, objective
 symptoms, subjective
 homeostasis
 pathology
 etilogy
 diagnosis, prognosis
 idiopathic
Body Planes
 Imaginary horizontal
and vertical lines
 Easier to describe
location of organ or
problem
Midline (midsagittal) Plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Ventral and Dorsal
Ventral Cavity
 contains body organs that maintain
homeostasis
 thoracic cavity
 abdominal cavity
 pelvic cavity
Dorsal

 cranial cavity
 spinal cavity
Divisions of the Abdomen
 right upper quadrant RRQ
 left upper quadrant LUQ
 right lower quadrant RLQ
 left lower quadrant LLQ
Diagnostic Imaging
 Radiography (x-ray)
 Computed Tomography (CT scan)
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 Ultrasonography
The Spine
 Cervical (neck)
 Thoracic (chest)
 Lumbar (loin)
 Sacral (lower back)
 Coccyx (tailbone)
Body Directions
Superficial and Deep
Abduction and Adduction
Lateral and Medial
 Lateral  toward the side or
away from the
 Bilateral midline
 having two sides or
 Medial both sides
 middle or towards
the midline
Superior and Inferior
Proximal and Distal
Anterior and Posterior
Parietal and Visceral
 Prone and Supine
 Inversion and Eversion
 Palmar and Plantar
Combining Forms Denoting...
 Cellular Structure
 Anatomical Directions
 Regions of the Body
 Colors
 Body Structure
Suffixes - Review
 -genesis
 -gnosis
 -gram
 -graph
 -graphy
 -pathy
Prefixes - Review
 Ab-
 ad-
 all-
 infra-
 peri-
 super-
 trans-
 ultra-
Diagnostic, Symptomatic and
Therapeutic Terms
 Ablation
 adhesion
 dehiscence
 nuclear medicine
 polyp
 radiopharmaceutical
 sepsis
 suppurative
Diagnostic Procedures
 Digital radiography
 fluoroscopy
 magnetic resonance angiography
 magnetic resonance imaging
 positron emission tomography
 sonography
 stereoradiography
Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures
 Anastomosis
 biopsy
 cauterize
 curettage
 frozen section
 incision and drainage
 laser surgery
 ligation
 resection
 radical dissection
Abbreviations
 AP
 CNS
 CT scan, CAT scan
 CV
 Dx
 GI
 GU
Abbreviations
 GU
 I&D
 LAT
 LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ
 MRI
 MS
 PA
 sono
 U/L
Peritoneum
 parietal
 visceral
 mesentery
 retroperitoneal
 peritonitis
Genetic Disorder /
Hereditary Disorder
Any disease or condition caused
by defective genes.
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
hemophilia
muscular dystrophy
Congenital disorder

Is present at birth or existing at

the time of birth. Gene
abnormalities account for about
5 percent of congenital heart
disease.

fetal alcohol syndrome

congenital anomaly
Histology
 Epithelial
– epithelium - external surfaces - epi
– endothelium - internal surfaces - endo
 Connective
– bones and cartilage
– adipose
 Nervous
 - plasia
 aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue
 hypoplasia-incomplete development
 hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number of
normal cells in normal tissue arrangement
 dysplasia-abnormal development or growth
 anaplasia - change in structure of cells and in
their orientation to each other--characteristic of
malignancy
Neoplasm (tumor)

Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the

multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid
than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange
 benign - usually not recurring, not

malignant
 malignant - tending to spread, life-

threatening
Glands
 Exocrine
 Endocrine

endo -inside
crine - to secrete
exo - out of
Pathology and Procedures
 adenosis
 adenitis
 adenomalacia
 adenosclerosis
 adenoma
 adenectomy