Discovering Computers

Enhanced Edition
©2017
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of
Technology

Chapter 8
Operating
Systems
Objectives Overview

Explain how an operating

Describe the start-up system provides a user
Explain the purpose of an process and shutdown interface, manages
operating system options on computers and programs, manages
mobile devices memory, and coordinates
tasks

Describe how an operating Identify file management

system enables users to and other tools included
configure devices, establish with an operating system,
an Internet connection, and along with ways to update
monitor performance operating system software

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Explain how an
operating system Summarize the features
enables users to control of several desktop
a network or operating systems
administer security

Summarize the features

Briefly describe various and uses of several
server operating mobile operating
systems systems
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See Page 410 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 3
for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that

coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile
device hardware
Start and shut down
Provide a user
a computer or Manage programs Manage memory Coordinate tasks
interface
mobile device

Provide file
Monitor Establish an Internet management and Updating operating
Configure devices
performance connection other device or system software
media-related tasks

Control a network Administer security

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in whole or in part.
Operating Systems

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Figure 9-1 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

– If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on

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Figure 9-2 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various power

options

Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate mode saves any

documents running programs open documents and running
or apps to RAM, turns off all programs or apps to an
unneeded functions, and then internal hard drive before
places the computer in a low- removing power from the
power state computer or device

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in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions
• A user interface
(UI) controls how
you enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images

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Figure 9-3
Operating System Functions

• In a command-line interface, a user types

commands represented by short keywords or
abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions

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Figure 9-4 in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity

Single tasking Foreground

Single user
and and
and multiuser
multitasking background

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in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

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Figure 9-5 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer

or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

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Figure 9-8 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

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Figure 9-9 in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

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in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

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Figure 9-10 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

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Figure 9-11 website, in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Many programs, including operating systems,

include an automatic update feature that
regularly provides new features or corrections to
the program

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Figure 9-12 in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with a

variety of tools related to managing a computer,
its devices, or its programs

File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup

Disk File PC Backup and

Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression Maintenance Restore

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in whole or in part.
Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• These multiuser – Add and remove users,
operating systems allow computers, and other
devices
multiple users to share
– Configure the network,
a printer, Internet
install software and
access, files, and administer network
programs security
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Page 423 19
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Operating System Functions

• A user account enables

a use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

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Figure 9-13
Types of Operating Systems

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Table 9-2 in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

• A desktop operating system is a complete

operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets

Windows Mac OS UNIX

Chrome
Linux
OS
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in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

• The latest versions of Windows offer these features

– Uses tiles to access apps
– Includes the desktop interface
– Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
– Email app, calendar app, and browser included
– Photos, files, and settings you can sync with OneDrive
– Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall,
and automatic updates
– Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase

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in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

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in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has earned a

reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X

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in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s

Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
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Figures 9-14 – 9-15 in whole or in part.
Desktop Operating Systems

• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system

designed to work primarily with web apps

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Figure 9-16 in whole or in part.
Server Operating Systems

Windows OS X
Server Server

UNIX Linux
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in whole or in part.
Mobile Operating Systems

• The operating system on mobile devices and

many consumer electronics is called a mobile
operating system and resides on firmware

Windows
Android iOS
Phone

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in whole or in part.
Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating
system designed by
Google for smartphones
and tablets

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Figure 9-17
Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by
Apple, is a proprietary
mobile operating
system specifically
made for Apple’s
mobile devices

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Figure 9-18
Mobile Operating Systems

• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones

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Figure 9-19
Summary

Variety of desktop
operating systems,
Functions common to server operating
most operating systems systems, and mobile
operating systems

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website, in whole or in part.