Week 1

Integrated Nursing Practice 5:

Primary and Community Health
Care

HSNS246/247/447
Trimester 2, 2022
The University of New England respects and acknowledges
that its people, programs and facilities are built on land,
and surrounded by a sense of belonging, both ancient and
contemporary, of the world's oldest living culture. In doing
so UNE values and respects Indigenous knowledge systems
as a vital part of the knowledge capital of Australia.

We share the caring of this country with the

Gumbaynggirr, Kamilaroi, and Dhunghutti nations who are
the traditional custodians of the land of Armidale and
surrounds.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers are advised photographs/videos
within this unit of study may contain images or video of deceased persons.
We apologise for any sadness or distress may cause.
 What is this unit about?
1. Primary care and primary health care
2. Community health care
3. The social determinants of health and
holistic healthcare
4. Health promotion, all levels of disease
prevention for individuals, families &
communities
5. The nurse’s role as educator, advocate,
enabler, and mediator
 Unit contact details
Unit Coordinator
Name: Ann Cleary
Email: acleary2@une.edu.au
Phone: +61 2 67733687

Administration
Name: health administration
Email: health-admin@une.edu.au
Phone: +61 2 6773 4357
 Modules -module one
M1-Primary and community Health Care

Topic 1 
Defining Primary and Community Health Care
Topic 2
What is Primary Health Care? The Declaration of
Alma-Ata and Declaration of Astana         
Topic 3
Vulnerable populations’ perspectives on health
 Modules -module two

M2-Health Promotion in Primary Health Care

Topic 4
Health Promotion: What is health promotion? The
Ottawa Charter
Topic 5 
Health Promotion activities: Health promotion and
disease prevention   
Topic 6 
Health education as a health promotion activity   
 Modules -module three
M3-Community Nursing and Professional Perspectives
Topic 7 
Defining the roles and settings for primary and
community health nurses
Topic 8 
Understanding the application of the NMBA
guidelines to community settings
Topic 9 
Professional perspectives: communication,
collaboration and coordination
 Modules -module four

M4-Preparation for Clinical Placement

Topic 10 
Preparation for Practice: Preparing to work in
community settings
 Assessments

 Assessment one
Reflective essay: Social Determinants of
Health
 Assessment two
Education plan-health promotion
 Assessment three
Major case study

 Clinical Placement
 Workshop Objectives

1. What is health?
2. The Social determinants of health (SDH) and their
impact on life experiences and health outcomes
3. Primary care (PC) and primary health care (PHC)
4. Community health care
 1. What is health?

WHO (1948/74) defined health as:

‘ a state of complete physical, mental and social
wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity’.

Clendon and Munns p. 4

“ the capacity of people to adapt and self-manage within
social, physical and emotional environments”

Consider the above statements and answer the

questions on the following slide
 What is health?
Think and write your ideas
1. Is health the same from person to person? Why or
why not?
2. What factors influence your health?
3. What keeps you well?
2. Social determinants of
health (born, grow, live, work,
age)
 Impact of SDH

1. What aspects of life do the SDH impact?

2. What does transport have to do with health?
3. You move to a new area where there is no
supermarket only a convenience store. Will this
affect your health? How?
4. What type of employment or working conditions
could affect health?
5. What aspects of early life could impact health in
later life?
6. What SDH is most easily modified?
 Equity and Equality

Do PHC
equal addresses
resources issues
result in affecting
equity? health but
aren’t
medical

Need = amount of resources….. so everyone is equal!

issues
 Could we
remove the barriers?
 3. Primary Health Care
According to the World Health Organisation (1978)
Primary Health Care refers to "essential health care"
that is based on scientifically sound and socially
acceptable methods and technology, which
make universal health care accessible to all individuals
and families in a community. It is through their full
participation and at a cost that the community and the
country can afford to maintain at every stage of their
development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-
determination

What does this mean?

Primary health care-principles
PHC throughout our life
(WHO)

https://youtu.be/uVNlez_IgdI
 Watch the video and
consider these Qs
1. How does PHC apply to a person who has diabetes
and hypertension?
2. What about a baby? What does PHC provide?
 PHC vs primary care?

1. A middle aged man needs management of their

high blood pressure
2. A grandmother who has high blood pressure
doesn’t feel safe going for a walk in her
neighbourhood
3. A young man who has diabetes has lost his job
and cannot afford his insulin pump
4. An older man who has loss of vision in his left eye
due to a cataract needs surgery
 Primary, secondary &
tertiary levels of care
1. Primary 1. Medical treatment
2. Secondary- for a skin rash
specialist care in 2. Endocrinologist for
the community someone who has
3. Tertiary-specialist diabetes or a
care and thyroid problem
equipment in the 3. Hospital care-
hospital cardiac bypass,
treatment of severe
burns
 Primary, secondary and
tertiary prevention
• Primary
– First line of care to maintain health and
wellbeing
– Removes causes and determinants of ill health or
injury
• Secondary
– Treating and limiting illness or injury
– Screening and early detection
• Tertiary
– Rehabilitative or restorative actions
– Supportive community environment and
programs
4. Community health care
What is a community?
 Community health
Apply the SDH to your community, how strong is it?
What areas need improvement?
 Think about your
community and the SDH
 What health policies keep your community healthy?

 What health policies don’t go far enough to support

health in your community?
 What is community health
care?
 Includes all aspects of health
 Cares for individuals and families
 Addresses disparities between groups
 Aims to prevent illnesses and diseases
 Protects people from injury
 Identifies health problems early
 Includes everyone
 Application of knowledge
• Lauren is a nurse working in a community health
centre with unemployed parents.
• To empower clients to make informed decisions
about their eating habits at home, she works with
them to identify their cooking and budgeting
strengths and weaknesses.

• What level of health prevention is Lauren providing?

• What strategies and activities could Lauren use?
 Summing up….

PHC is the backbone of health care in Australia

PHC is applied in all settings including community

health care

Nurses need to recognise and eliminate the SDH

 Coming soon……

More about Primary health care

How PHC came about-Alma-Ata & Astana

Australia’s vision for PHC

Applying the principles of PHC-the nurse’s role

 Resources

Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association. (2017). My

Nursing Future - Why Primary Health Care? Retrieved from:
https://youtu.be/tpUFCV4V6SY

Clendon, J., & Munns, A. (2019). Community health and

wellness. Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier

World Health Organisation. (1978). The declaration of Alma-

Ata. Geneva.
Https://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf

World Health Organisation. (2018). Primary health care

throughout our life. Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVNlez_IgdI&feature=youtu.be