STOICHIOMETRY

STOICHIOMETRY
- the study of the quantitative aspects
of
chemical reactions.

-The “Math” of Chemistry

STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY

Atomic mass -(sometimes called

atomic weight) is the mass of
the atom in atomic mass units
(amu).
STOICHIOMETRY

The most accurate method

currently available for comparing
the masses of atoms involves the
use of the mass spectrometer
STOICHIOMETRY
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS
 AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS
Copper, a metal known since ancient times, is used
in electrical cables and pennies, among other things.
The atomic masses of its two stable isotopes,
(69.09 percent) and (30.91 percent), are 62.93 amu
and 64.9278 amu, respectively. Calculate the
average atomic mass of copper. The relative
abundances are given in parentheses.
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS

Answer: 10.81 amu

Avogadro’s Number
and the Molar mass of
an Element
 The mole
The mole (mol) is the unit of measure in
counting atoms.
Name for a specific number of thing
1 dozen : 12 things
1 mole : 602 hexillion things
A mole is NOT an abbreviation of molecules
 The mole
• The mole (mol) is a unit of measure for an
amount of a chemical substance.
1 mole :
602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
6.022 x 10
23
Things

6.022 x
The mole
6.022 x is also known as
Avogadro’s number

Amedeo Avogadro
Mole is abbreviated as mol
 How Big Is a Mole?

• The volume occupied by one mole of softballs would be about

the size of the Earth.
• One mole of Olympic shot put balls has about the same mass as
the Earth.
The Mole

• A mole is Avogadro’s number of particles,

that is 6.022 × 1023 particles.
1 mol = 6.022 × 1023 units
• We can use the mole relationship to convert
between the number of particles and the
mass of a substance.
The Mole

6.022 x 1023 particles

1 mole
Particles can be
ATOMS or
MOLECULE
1 mole
6.022 x 1023 particles
Moles

1 mole C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms

 Try me
1. Compute the number of atoms in 0.500
mole of Al

2.Compute the number of moles of S in 1.4

x 1024 S atoms
Try me
1. Number of atoms in 0.500 mole of Al

0.500 mol of Al x 6.022 x 1023 Al atoms

1 mol Al

answer: 3.01 x 1023 Al atoms

Try me
1. Calculate the number of Na atoms in
0.120 mol Na?

0.120 mol Na x 6.022 x 1023 Na atoms

1 mol Na
ans: 7.23 x 1022 Na atoms
Try me
How many moles is 1.25 x 1021 atoms of K?

1.25 x 1021 K atoms x 1 mol K

6.022 x 1023 K atoms

2.08 x 10 mol K
-3
Calculating
Molar Mass I
 Molar mass (mm)

molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of

one mole of the compound. Units of MM are g/mol
1 mol of an ELEMENT = average atomic weight
Remember: MM tells how much one mole weighs
in grams or it is the mass of one mole
MOLAR MASS
Try me
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Try me
Find the molar mass of

1 mole of CaCl2
Molar mass OF COMPOUNDS
The molar mass of 1 mole of compound is equal to the
sum of the atomic masses
1 mole of CaCl2
1 mole Ca 40.08 g
+ 2 moles Cl 35.45 g (2)

Answer: 110.98 g/mol CaCl2

DONT] FORGET!
Calculating
Molar Mass II
TRY ME
Compute the molar mass of the following compounds

a. C3H8O c. Ca(NO3)2

b. SO2 d. (NH4)3PO4
answers

a. 60.09 g
b. 64.06 g
c. 164.10 g
d. 149.10 g
Converting Mass to
Mole
and Vice Versa
 Converting mass to mole and Vice versa

Methane (CH4) is the principal

component of natural gas. How many
moles of CH4 are present in 4.83 g of
CH4?
 Try this!

Calculate the number of moles of

chloroform (CHCl3) in 198 g of
chloroform.
 Try this!
A certain sample of calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) contains 4.86 moles. What is the
mass in grams of this sample?
 Try this!
 

What mass of compound is present

in 4.90 mol of NH3 ?
Converting Mass to the
Number of Particles of
an Element or
Compound
 Try this!
 

Calculate the mass of 500. atoms of

iron (Fe).
 Try this!
 

How many moles is 10.0 g

Hydrogen gas?
 Try this!
 

Find the mass of 3.980 x 10 CaCl2

24

atoms.
 Try this!
 

What number of Fe atoms and what

amount (moles) of Fe atoms are in
500.0 g of iron?
 Prepare for a
quiz!
Bring: SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
PERIODIC TABLE