CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

PRESENTED BY:
ZUHA HUNDAL
AREEBA FATIMA
ARSLAN KHAN
MARIYAM MUBEEN
NIMRA RIZVI
 CONTENTS

Introduction
Definition
Difference between cervical spondylosis and cervical spondylitis
Causes
Symptoms
Risk factors
Differential diagnosis
treatment
Introduction:

Cervical spondylosis, commonly called arthritis of the neck, is the

medical term for these age-related, wear-and-tear changes that
occur over time.
Cervical spondylosis is extremely common. More than 85% of
people over the age of 60 are affected. The condition most often
causes pain and stiffness in the neck — although many people
with cervical spondylosis experience no noticeable symptoms.
DEFINITION

Cervical spondylosis is a term that encompasses a wide range

of progressive degenerative changes that affect all the
components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet
joints)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS AND CERVICAL SPONDYLITIS

Spondylitis is an inflammation of the spine.

Spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the spine.
Spondylitis can be caused by infection, arthritis, or an
autoimmune disease.
Spondylosis is typically caused by wear and tear on the spine
over time.
CAUSES

As people age, the structures that make up the backbone and neck
gradually develop wear and tear. These changes can include:
● Dehydrated disk
● Herniated disks
● Bone spurs
● Stiff ligaments
SYMPTOMS

● Pain in the neck that may travel to your arms or shoulders.

● Headaches.
● A grinding feeling when you move your neck.
● Weakness in your arms and legs.
● Numbness in your shoulders, arms, or hands.
● Stiffness in the neck.
● Trouble keeping your balance.
RISK FACTORS

Risk factors for cervical spondylosis include:

● Age. Cervical spondylosis occurs commonly as part of aging.
● Occupation. Jobs that involve repetitive neck motions, awkward
positioning or a lot of overhead work put extra stress on the neck.
● Neck injuries. Previous neck injuries appear to increase the risk
of cervical spondylosis.
● Genetic factors. Some individuals in certain families will
experience more of these changes over time.
● Smoking. Smoking has been linked to increased neck pain.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

● Other non-specific neck pain lesions - acute neck strain, postural neck
ache or Whiplash
● Fibromyalgia and psychogenic neck pain
● Mechanical lesions - disc prolapse or diffuse idiopathic skeletal
hyperostosis
● Inflammatory disease - Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis or
Polymyalgia rheumatica
● Metabolic diseases - Paget's disease, osteoporosis, gout or pseudo-gout,
Infections - osteomyelitis or tuberculosis
● Malignancy - primary tumours, secondary deposits or myeloma
CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY

Cervical radiculopathy is the easiest syndrome to recognize and its

clinical manifestations of neck pain with radiating upper extremity
pain and/or weakness and/or numbness are familiar to every physician.
Radiculopathy is caused by combined compression and inflammation
of a spinal nerve. Both factors are necessary. This can be caused by
either an acute “soft” disc, chronic “hard” disc, or more rarely by
posterior compression from a hypertrophied facet joint.
 CERVICAL MYELOPATHY

The posterior longitudinal ligament is strongest in the midline, which directs

most disc herniations off to one side or the other—toward a nerve root and
away from the spinal cord. Sometimes, however, either from acute or chronic
processes, the spinal cord itself is involved.
Muscular tone is increased and some degree of rigidity of the extremities is
present.
Patient will often complain of difficulty with fine movements and control of
the fingers. Fastening and unfastening buttons, for example, can become
difficult.
TYPE III SYNDROME

Type III syndrome is characterized by neck pain together with

radiation to one or more of the following: the medial scapula,
chest wall, shoulder area, and head. There may be a vague aching
referred to the proximal upper extremity but pain referred below
the elbow suggests nerve root involvement. In a pure Type III
Syndrome there is no neurologic deficit because the symptoms
stem from a joint
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