What are Kinetic

and
Potential Energy?
What is WORK?
What is POWER?
What is ENERGY?
 Energy…
• Unit for energy is JOULES (J) … 1J = 1kg(ms)2
• James Prescott Joule
– He discovered the relationship between heat (energy) and
mechanical work which led to the law of conservation of
energy.

• is NEVER created or destroyed!

• can only be STORED or TRANFERRED.
– Whenever work is done energy is transferred to
that object.
 This car
uses a
lot of
energy

Batteries store energy!

We get
our
Even this energy
sleeping from
puppy is FOOD!
using
stored
energy.
Remember:

ALL matter is made up

of particles.

The particles NEVER

stop moving.
 How is all energy divided?

All Energy

Potential Kinetic
Energy Energy

Gravitation Chemical
Elastic Potential
Potential Potential
Energy Energy
Energy
 Potential Energy is…
• The energy stored in an object and waiting to
be used later.

• "Potential" simply means the energy has the

ability to do something useful later on.
What is Gravitational Potential Energy?
o Potential energy due to
an object’s position
o GPE = mass x
Don’t look down, height x gravity
Rover! (GPE=mgh)
Good boy! – g in this equation is 9.8
m/s2 , the acceleration of
gravity on Earth
 What is Elastic Potential Energy?
o Potential energy due compression or
expansion of an elastic object.

Notice the ball compressing

and expanding
What is Chemical Potential Energy?
o Potential energy stored
within the chemical
bonds of an object
 Which object has more potential energy?

A
 ANSWER

This brick has more mass than the feather;

therefore more potential energy!
 Changing an objects’ height can change its
potential energy.
• If I want to drop an apple from the top of one of these
three things, where will be the most potential energy?

A
C
B
 ANSWER

A
• The higher the
object, the more
potential energy!
• The higher an object, the more
potential energy.

• The more mass an object has,

the more potential energy it has.

• Potential energy depends on

both mass and height.
 Potential Energy Converted to
Kinetic Energy…
• When stored energy begins to move, the
object now transfers from potential
energy into kinetic energy.
 What is Kinetic Energy?
o Energy an object has due to its
motion
o KE = .5(mass x speed2)
KE = 1/2mv2
 Kinetic Energy Is…
• The energy of a moving object. “The moving energy”

• "Kinetic" means movement!

• When stored energy is being used up, it is making things move or happen.
Examples of Kinetic Energy:
• The faster the object
moves, the more
kinetic energy is
produced.

• The greater the mass and speed of an object,

the more kinetic energy there will be.

•Kinetic energy depends on both mass and

velocity.
When these objects move at the same
speed, which will have more kinetic
energy?
 ANSWER

The semi- truck has more mass;

therefore, more kinetic energy!
• An object has the MOST kinetic energy when
it’s movement is the GREATEST.

• When an object has the LEAST potential

energy, it has the MOST kinetic energy.
 A water bottle is knocked off a desk.
When does the bottle have the MOST
kinetic energy?

A. At the top of the fall.

B. In the middle of the fall.
C. At the bottom of the fall.
 • C. At the bottom of the fall.

• It has the most kinetic energy when its movement

and speed are greatest, which is at the bottom of the
fall right before it hits the ground.

• When an object has the LEAST potential energy is

when it has the MOST kinetic energy.

BrainPop
 Roller Coasters
• When does the train on
this roller coaster have
the MOST potential
energy?

• AT THE VERY TOP!

• The HIGHER the train is lifted
by the motor, the MORE
potential energy is produced.

• At the top of the hill the train

has a huge amount of potential
energy, but it has very little
kinetic energy.
• As the train accelerates down the hill the
potential energy is converted into kinetic
energy.

• There is very little

potential energy at
the bottom of the hill,
but there is a great
amount of kinetic
energy.
• When does the train
on this roller coaster
have the MOST
kinetic energy?
(When is it moving the fastest?)
(When does it have the LEAST
potential energy???)

• At the bottom of the

tallest hill!
• All energy is divided into two types: potential and
kinetic.
• Potential Energy: The energy stored in an object.

• Kinetic Energy: The energy of a moving object.

• Energy is never created or destroyed. It is always

stored or transferred.
Quiz:
1. Which of these equations gives the amount of work done?
a. Work= F/d c. Work= Fd
b. Work= Fgd d. Work= F/t
2. How much work is done in holding a 1-kg object 2 m above the ground?
a. zero b. 2 c. 9.8 d. 19.6
Refer to this situation in answering questions 3-4.
An object falls freely from a certain height.
3. Which of the following happens to the object?
a. It loses PE and gains KE c. It loses both PE and KE
b. It gain PE and loses KE d. It gains both PE and KE
4. The PE of the object at the highest point compared to its KE at the lowest point is
_____________.
a. lesser b. greater c. equal d. not related
5. Which of the following is NOT a unit of power?
a. watt
b. b. horsepower
c. c. joule second
d. d. Newton meter per second
6. A 1-kg ball rolling with a speed of 2m/s has a kinetic energy equal to ___________.
a. 1 J b. 2 J c. 4J d. 8J
7. The rate at which work is done is called _____________.
a. power c.kinetic energy
b. Displacement d. potential energy
16
8. The power in watts when a 400 N weight is lifted to a height of 6m in 2 minutes is
__________.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40
9. In science, which statement correctly describes work?
a. Work is done whenever force is applied.
b. Work is done when you are paid for the effort exerted.
c. Work is done when force applied moves the object through a distance.
d. Work is done when force is applied for a longer time.
10. How does a pulley in the flagpole help us do work?
a. It increases the force applied c.It makes work faster
b. It changes the direction of force d. It transforms energy