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  • Thermodynamics The Science of Heat and Energy

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    Narayanan Subramanian
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    Thermodynamics is the science of heat and energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. Heat is energy transferred between objects with different temperatures, while work is the transfer of energy from one object to another through force and distance. The internal energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, and changes in internal energy can be calculated using the equation ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat transferred, and W is the work done.

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    Thermodynamics the Science of Heat and Energy

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    Thermodynamics the Science of Heat and Energy

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    Thermodynamics is the science of heat and energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. Heat is energy transferred between objects with different temperatures, while work is the transfer of energy from one object to another through force and distance. The internal energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, and changes in internal energy can be calculated using the equation ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat transferred, and W is the work done.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    3 views7 pages

    Thermodynamics The Science of Heat and Energy

    Uploaded by

    Narayanan Subramanian
    Thermodynamics is the science of heat and energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. Heat is energy transferred between objects with different temperatures, while work is the transfer of energy from one object to another through force and distance. The internal energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, and changes in internal energy can be calculated using the equation ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat transferred, and W is the work done.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    Thermodynamics: The

    Science of Heat and


    Energy

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran
    Professor & Head
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    The Basics: Work and Heat

    Work Heat

    Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another. Heat is energy that is transferred between objects that
    It's defined as the product of the force and distance have different temperatures. It flows from a warmer
    through which the force is applied. object to a cooler object until thermal equilibrium is
    reached.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 2/7


    The First Law of Thermodynamics
    1 Energy Conservation 2 Internal Energy

    The first law of thermodynamics states that The internal energy of a system is the sum of the
    energy cannot be created or destroyed, only kinetic and potential energies of its particles. A
    transferred or converted from one form to change in internal energy is equal to the energy
    another. transferred as heat plus the work done.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 3/7


    Calculating Change in Internal Energy
    Equation Positive or Negative Unit of Measurement
    The change in internal energy ΔU is positive when the
    Internal energy is measured in
    (ΔU) is equal to the heat internal energy of the system
    joules (J) and is a scalar
    transferred (Q) plus the work increases and negative when it
    quantity.
    done (W): ΔU = Q + W. decreases.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 4/7


    Scenario: Gas in a Cylinder

    Description Heat Transfer

    A gas is confined in a cylinder fitted with a movable The heat added to the gas increases its internal energy,
    piston. The gas is heated, which causes it to expand and which causes it to expand. As the gas expands, it pushes
    do work on its surroundings. 150 J of work is done on the against the piston, doing work on its surroundings.
    surroundings and 100 J of heat is added.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 5/7


    Solution: Change in Internal Energy
    Step 2

    Calculate the heat transferred: Q = 100 J.

    1 2 3

    Step 1 Step 3

    Calculate the work done: W = 150 J. Calculate the change in internal energy: ΔU = Q + W
    = 250 J.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 6/7


    Conclusion
    Real-world Applications Energy Efficiency

    Understanding thermodynamics is essential in various Knowing how energy is transferred and how to optimize
    fields, such as engineering and physics, to explain systems can lead to better energy efficiency, which is
    energy use and energy conversion. crucial in today's world.

    Dr.R.Sudhakaran/Engineering Thermodynamics 7/7

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