Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7 Standard Precaution
7 Standard Precaution
• Universal precautions
•Airborne precautions
• Body substance isolation
•Droplet precautions
•Contact precaution
Key Elements of Standard Precautions
1. Hand hygiene
2. Gloves
3. Mask, gogles, face masks PPE
4. Gown
5. Prevention of needle stick & injuries from sharp instruments
6. Respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette
7. Environmental cleaning
8. Linens
9. Waste disposal
10. Patient care equipment
WHO, 2007
Definitions of Hand hygiene
• Hand-washing
– Washing hands with plain soap and water
• Antiseptic hand-wash
– Washing hands with water and soap or other detergents
containing an antiseptic agent
• Alcohol-based hand-rub
– Rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation
• Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis
– Hand-washing or using an alcohol-based hand-rub before
operations by surgical personnel
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
“My five moments for hand hygiene”
This I do believe !
The single most important thing that you can do to stop
the spread of any germs is to wash your hands
PPE
PPE Working Condition
• Examples
– Neisseria meningitidis
– Pertussis
– Influenza
Airborne Transmission
• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei < 5
microns
• Examples:
– Tuberculosis
– Measles
• Precaution Examples
– Isolation rooms under negative pressure
– N95 or HEPA respirator use
Airborne Precautions for Avian
Influenza
• Respiratory Protection
– N95 respirator
• Patient in isolation/cohorting
• Patient Transport
– Limit patient movement
and transport,
place a surgical mask
on the patient
• Airborne isolation room, if available
– Air exhaust to outside or
re-circulated with HEPA filtration
Linens
• Handle, transport, and process used
linen in a manner which:
• Prevents skin and mucous membrane
exposures and contamination of clothing.
• Avoids transfer of pathogens to other
patients and or the environment.
Waste disposal
• Ensure safe waste management.
• Treat waste contaminated with blood, body
fluids, secretions and excretions as clinical
waste, in accordance with local regulations.
• Human tissues and laboratory waste that is
directly associated with specimen processing
should also be treated as clinical waste.
• Discard single use items properly.
Patient care equipment
• Handle equipment soiled with blood, body
fluids, secretions, and excretions in a
manner that prevents skin and mucous
membrane exposures, contamination of
clothing, and transfer of pathogens to other
patients or the environment.
• Clean, disinfect, and reprocess reusable
equipment appropriately before use with
another patient.
Contact Precautions
• For protection against skin-to-skin contact and physical
transfer of microorganisms to a host from a source
• Precaution Examples:
– Private room
– Handwashing
– Glove changes
• Examples
– Scabies
– VRE